Unit 11. Hobbies
GRAMMAR
Passive voice
There
are two types of voices in English. They are Active Voice and Passive Voice. In
Active Voice the subject is the doer and it says what the subject does. And in
Passive Voice the subject is not a doer and it says what happens to the
subject.
Monty
dropped the glass.
The
glass was dropped by Monty.
1.
Structure of
active voice and passive voice:
Active: S
+ V + O …
Passive: O
+ Aux. Verb + Main Verb + by + S …
Hari repairs the roof.
The roof is repaired by
Hari.
Hari is repairing the
roof.
The roof is being
repaired by Hari.
2.
Verbs changes in
active voice and passive voice:
|
Active voice |
Passive voice |
|
V1/5 |
is/am/are + V3 |
|
V2 |
was/were + V3 |
|
has/have + V3 |
has/have + been + V3 |
|
V4 |
is being + V3 |
|
modal verb + V1 |
modal verb + be + V3 |
|
modal V. + have + V3 |
modal V. + have been
+ V3 |
|
modal V. +
have/has/had to + V1 |
modal V +
have/has/had to be + V3 |
|
be going to + V1 |
be going to be + V3 |
Hari repairs the roof.
The
roof is repaired by Hari.
Hari is repairing the
roof. The
roof is being repaired by Hari.
Hari has repaired the
roof. The
roof has been repaired by the Hari.
Hari repaired the roof.
The
roof was repaired by Hari.
Hari was repairing the
roof. The roof was being repaired
by Hari.
Hari had repaired the
roof. The
roof had been repaired by Hari.
Hari can repair the
roof. The roof can be
repaired by Hari.
Hari will have repaired
the roof. The roof will have been
repaired by Hari.
Hari will have to
repair the roof. The roof will
have to be repaired by Hari.
Hari has to repair the
roof. The roof has to be
repaired by Hari.
Hari is going to repair
the roof. The roof is going to
be repaired by Hari.
3.
Pronoun change
but nouns do not change:
|
Subject |
Object |
|
I |
me |
|
we |
us |
|
you |
you |
|
he |
him |
|
she |
her |
|
they |
them |
I
helped them.
They
were helped by me.
Ravi
helped Mina and Arun.
Mina
and Arun were helped by Ravi.
He
offered me a job.
I
was offered a job by him.
4.
Some
subjects like ‘people / we/ they / you/somebody/nobody/someone/no one etc.’ are
not generally mentioned after ‘by’ preposition if we can imagine the doer of
actions or the doer of action is clear from the verbs.
Somebody has stolen my wallet.
My wallet has been stolen.
5.
Some verbs like ‘give
tell ask offer pay show teach etc.’ generally take two objects; we can take any
one object in the beginning to make the passive.
Ram
gave me a book yesterday.
-
A book was given to me yesterday by Ram.
-
I was given a book yesterday by Ram.
6.
Passive of
different sentences:
|
sentence |
active |
passive |
|
assertive |
s + v + o |
o + aux. + v3 + by + … |
|
interrogative |
aux. + s + v + o …? |
aux. + o + v3 + by + …? |
|
wh. + aux + s + v + o
+ …? |
wh. + aux + o + v3 + by + …? |
|
|
imperative |
v + o … |
Let + o + be + v3 + … |
|
Let + o + v + o2 + … |
Let + o2 + be + v3 + by + o ... |
|
|
Please/kindly + v … |
You’re requested to +
v1 |
|
|
v + o … |
o + should be + v3… |
|
|
optative |
May + s + v + o …! |
May + o + be + v3
+…! |
Anu closes the door. The door is closed by Anu.
Does Anu close the
door? Is the door closed
by Anu?
When does Anu close the
door? When is the door closed by
Anu?
Write a letter. Let a letter be
written.
Let him write a letter.
Let a letter be
written by him.
Please write a letter. You are requested to write a
letter.
Help the poor. The poor
should be helped.
May God help you! May you be helped!
7.
Some verbs take
other prepositions instead of ‘by’ in passive:
Satisfy/please/cover/fill
+ with
Contain/interest
+ in
Marry/know/oblige + to
Surprise/shock
+ at
8.
Some more
examples:
|
active |
passive |
|
The results surprised
me. |
I was surprised at the results. (instead of ‘by’) |
|
He knows me. |
I am known to him. ” |
|
This book interested
Bibek. |
Bibek was interested in this book. ” |
|
Her explanation did not satisfy her
teacher. |
Her teacher was not satisfied with her explanation. ” |
|
People say that he is a doctor. |
It is said that he is a doctor. |
|
People think that the old man lives in the hut. |
The old man thought to live in the
hut. |
|
People believe that they go to school. |
They are believed to go to school. |
|
She wants somebody to help her. |
She wants to be helped. |
|
I love somebody helping me. |
I love being helped. |
|
I don’t mind people taking my
photographs. |
I don’t mind having my photographs taken. |
|
He made me play the flute. (See, hear etc.) |
I was made to play the flute. |
|
He didn’t speak a word. (… a/an/any + O) |
No word was spoken by him. |
|
Don’t let people insult you. |
Don’t let yourself be insulted. |
|
It is her duty to fence the park. |
He is supposed to fence the park. |
|
Mona is not washing clothes. |
Clothes are not being washed by Mona. |
|
I bought nothing. |
Nothing was bought by me. |
|
Ram does
not read science. |
Science is not read by Ram. |
A. Study the following sentences.
Sheela
gave Milan a bar of chocolate.
Milan
was given a bar of chocolate by Sheela.
A
bar of chocolate was given to Milan by Sheela.
B. Change the following sentences into passive voice.
a.
I want someone to love me.
I
want to be loved me.
b.
Someone broke into our house while we were on holiday.
Our
house was broken into while we were on holiday.
c.
I don’t like people staring at me.
I
don't like being stared at.
d.
Is it true that someone stole your car?
Is
it true that your car was stolen.
e.
The cat enjoys someone tickling him.
The
cat enjoys being tickled.
f.
Would Swostika open the window?
Would
the window be opened by Swostika?
g.
Did they confess the crime?
Was
the crime confessed by them?
h.
He thinks that someone is teaching Jennie.
He
thinks that Jennie is being taught.
i.
Sabina hates people laughing at her.
Sabina
hates being laughed at.
C. Complete the following sentences as in the example.
Example:
People
believe that the one billion defaulters are staying in the UAE.
The
one billion defaulters are believed to be staying in the UAE.
a.
English people think that the number thirteen is unlucky.
The
number thirteen is thought to be unlucky by English people.
b.
What are you wearing for the wedding?
Actually,
I am having a suit made. They
will give it tomorrow.
c.
The carpet in our drawing room is very dirty. It needs to be cleaned.
d.
There are rumours that the factory at the corner is manufacturing bombs.
The
factory at the corner is rumoured for manufacturing bombs.
e.
Some people believe that Silajit from Jumla cures all indigestion
problems.
Silajit
from Jumla is believed to cure all digestion problems.
f.
People claim that Changu Narayan temple is the oldest temple in Nepal.
Changu
Narayan temple is claimed to be the oldest temple in Nepal.
g.
A: Your car is making a terrible
noise.
B: Thank you. I am not a mechanic
and I will get it repaired soon.
h.
The police suspect that the criminal left the country.
The
criminal is suspected to have left the country.
i.
A: Where are you going?
B: I am going to the stationery to
get my document photocopied.
j.
People allege that the corrupt leader has embezzled millions of rupees.
The
leader has been alleged to embezzle millions of rupees.
Extra Questions
Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice. Choose the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. Complete the sentences with the correct passive
form of the verbs in brackets. Change the sentences to passive voice. Change
the sentences to active voice.
1) 1) The baby will break the toy.
2)
The bill includes service.
3)
The biology class .......... (teach) by
Mr Green.
4)
The boy is eating the cake.
5)
The boys pushed the tree over.
6)
The car .......... (not damaged) in the
accident.
7)
The car had been driven into a wall by a
naughty child.
8)
The card was made by Fred.
9)
The children send me messages every day.
10)
The Chinese discovered acupuncture
thousands of years ago.
11)
The crow ate all of the cherries on her
tree.
12)
The delegation will meet the visitors at
the airport.
13)
The dentist is cleaning the woman’s
teeth.
14)
The estate agent showed the house to the
young people.
15)
The film .......... (make) ten years
ago.
16)
The firefighters rescued the teenagers
from the burning building.
17)
The football was kicked by Luke.
18)
The guide will show us the Natural
History Museum in the afternoon.
19)
The knife was left on the table by
Julie.
20)
The knives have been sharpened. It means
to say: ............ (I have sharpened the knives, I have been sharpening the
knives, I had sharpened the knives)
21)
The mail-order company sent Mrs. Green a
parcel.
22)
The man jumped off the step.
23)
The milk had been knocked over by a cat.
24)
The name of the people who committed the
crime .......... (not know).
25)
The original building .......... (pull)
down in 1965.
26)
The phone was being used by Mr Thomas.
27)
The picture was painted by Bob.
28)
The police locked up the criminals.
29)
The police will arrest the robbers.
30)
The post .......... (deliver) at about 7
o’clock every morning.
31)
The prime minister will give a medal to
the winners.
32)
The robbers made up the story.
33)
The rules must be obeyed. The active
voice of this sentence is: everyone ………….the rules. (must be obeyed, have
obeyed, must obey)
34)
The salesperson talked Sung Ho into
buying a new car. Sung Ho..........
35)
The scholar diligently checked all of
his references.
36)
The secretary has given Mrs Jones some
letters.
37)
The spider scared her.
38)
The student copied the new vocabulary
into her notebook. The new vocabulary..........
39)
The sun rises at seven o’clock in
winter.
40)
The town ………….for this Dashain. (cleans,
cleaned, is cleaned)
41)
The traffic warden had already given him
a ticket for illegal parking.
42)
The tree is not cut. Its active form is:
………… (he did not cut his tree, Nobody cuts the tree, Nobody cut the tree)
43)
The villagers gave the travellers food
and water.
44)
The windows had been washed.
45)
The youngest student in the class has
written the best composition.
46)
There is someone walking behind us. I
think we …………. (are following, are being followed, are followed)
47)
These cars .......... (not make) in
Japan.
48)
They also speak German at EU meetings.
49)
They are building a new ring-road round
the city.
50)
They are going to finish the new road in
a few days.
51)
They are going to hold next year’s
congress in San Francisco.
52)
They can’t find Joanna.
53)
They cancelled all the flights because
of fog.
54)
They cancelled the match because of the
rain.
55)
They could not read the sentence.
56)
They didn’t pay me much for that job.
57)
They gave Bob a CD player for his
birthday.
58)
They had finished preparations by the
time the guests arrived.
59)
They had picked the oranges before the
storm.
60)
They had to postpone the meeting because
of illness.
61)
They have changed the date of the
meeting.
62)
They have offered Sarah a very good job.
63)
They have to answer the questions on
this sheet.
64)
They haven’t delivered the food yet.
65)
They make coffee in Brazil.
66)
They make shoes in that factory.
67)
They must have left the keys behind.
68)
They paid the artist £1,000 for his
painting.
69)
They pay her an excellent salary.
70)
They produce cars in this factory.
71)
They promise us higher wages. We
………….higher wages. (have been promised, are promised, were promised)
72)
They sell oysters in the shop next door.
73)
They serve breakfast at eight o’clock
every day.
74)
They should decorate the room with
flowers.
75)
They showed the tourists the sights of
Athens.
76)
They told us a secret.
77)
They turned my offer down. My offer
……………. (had been turned down, was turned
down, has turned down)
78)
They will build a new bridge next year.
79)
They will deliver my computer on Monday.
80)
They’ll ask you a lot of questions.
81)
They’ve offered Sally a job.
82)
This play was first performed in ancient
Greece.
83)
This programme .......... (watch) by
millions of people.
84)
This song .......... (not write) by John
Lennon.
85)
This year, monkeys have bitten several
tourists in Phuket.
86)
Tina opened the present.
87)
Tourists are attracted by the
architecture of this temple. That is to say: the architecture of this temple
……………tourists. (attracts, attracted, attracting)
88)
Two men were following Tom.
89)
We bought nothing yesterday. Nothing
…………..yesterday. (was not bought, was bought, was not being bought)
90)
We have produced skis here since 1964.
91)
We must look into the question.
92)
We should respect our parents.
93)
We teach our students English and
French.
94)
We use this room only on special
occasions.
95)
We will catch the train.
96)
We will have to examine you again.
97)
We will pay the gardener a lot of money.
98)
We will put all these things into boxes.
99)
What will you have for breakfast?
100)
When .......... (tennis/invent)?
101)
When .......... (this bridge/build)?
102)
Where .......... (this pot/make)?
103)
Who ……….the piece of work? (can do, can
be done, can it do)
104)
Who killed the cock? The passive form of
the sentence is: …………? (Who the cock was killed, By whom did the cock killed,
Who was the cock killed by)
105)
Whom do you ask for help? The passive
form of this statement is: ............ for help? (Whom is asked, Who is asked, Who are you
asked)
106)
Why will he pay the bill?
107)
Why will she sign these papers?
108)
Will he cook the food?
109)
Would they lend me their car?
110)
Would you take a cup of tea?
111)
You may use my pen.
112)
You must not cross this line.
113)
You must stop him now.
114)
You must wash that shirt for tonight’s
party.
115)
You should obey your parents.
116)
You should open the wine about three
hours before you use it.
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