Unit 10. Career Opportunity
Grammar
Conditional sentences
There
are two clauses in a conditional sentence. They are dependent clause and
independent clause. The ‘If-Clause’
is called the dependent clause and it cannot give a complete and clear meaning
without the main clause. This clause normally begins with If. If can be replaced with unless
provided that whether …………or /not. And without using If, the clause may
also begin with Auxiliary Verb such
as had and were, and the sentence ends with a full stop. The main clause is
called the independent clause. There three types of conditional sentences.
If he invites me, I
will attend the programme.
If you tired more, you
would win the game.
If I had known how to
do, I would have finished it.
Structures:
|
If clause (Dependent clause) |
Main clause (Independent clause) |
Examples |
||
|
1. Simple present (V1/V5) |
a.
will + V1 b.
V1 / Let’s +… c.
V1/V5 … (For general truth)
|
If he invites me, I
will attend the programme. If you are in
trouble, call me. Let’s go to a
restaurant if your pocket is full. If the sun shines, we
feel warm. Water changes into
steam if it boils. |
||
|
If + S
+ V1/5 +
O, S +
will + V1 + O. |
||||
|
2. Simple past (V2) |
would + V1 |
If you tired more,
you would win the game. Unless she did the work, she could not get
wages. Whether he called me or not, I would go to
the cinema. |
||
|
If +
S + V2
+ O, S
+ would + V1 +
O. |
||||
|
3. Past perfect (had + V3) |
would + have + V3 |
If I had known how to
do, I would have finished it. Had I seen her, I would have called her. Radha would have been
happy if Krishna had played the murali. |
||
|
If +
S + had
+ V3 +
O, S +
would + have
+ V3 +
O. |
||||
NOTE:
If = had
were whether provided (that) unless
Will = may
shall can
Would = might
should could
A. Study the following examples which are taken from the text above.
a.
If you have a staying CV when it does, then you won’t be in the best possible
position to grab it.
b.
A prospective employer may need to verify your statements regarding, for
example, work permit status, qualifications and may need to take a criminal
record check especially if the job involves working with children.
B. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the
verbs.
a.
If you sell your stocks now, you ………much money for them. (not/get)
If
you sell your stocks now, you won't get much money for them.
b.
A lot of people would lose job if the factory ……….(close down)
A
lot of people would lose job if the factory closed down.
c. Our country won’t have to export wheat if it ……………………in November and February. (rain)
Our
country won’t have to export wheat if it rains in November and February.
d.
If we……………..him earlier, we could have saved his life. (find)
If
we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.
e.
If he had not been wearing helmet, he ………….. seriously injured. (be)
If
he had not been wearing helmet, he would have been seriously injured.
f.
Unless you follow the instructions, you ……………. the exams. (not/pass)
Unless
you follow the instructions, you can't pass the exams.
g.
I don’t mind walking home as long as the weather ……..fine. (be)
I
don’t mind walking home as long as the weather will be fine.
h.
The bank will sanction you the loan provided you ……. a collateral. (deposit)
The
bank will sanction you the loan provided you deposit a collateral.
i.
What ……………if you had not got this job? (you/do)
What
would you have done if you had not got this job?
j.
If you had the choice, where ……………? (you/live)
If
you had the choice, where would you live?
C. Change the following sentences into ‘if sentences’ as in the
example.
Example:
I
did not go to a restaurant because I was not hungry.
I
would have gone to a restaurant if I had been hungry.
a.
The driver was talking on the phone so the accident happened.
If
the driver was cautious, the accident would not happen.
b.
There is no anyone at home because all the lights are off.
The
lights wouldn't be off if there was anyone at home.
c. He must be an educated person because he has subscribed ‘The Kathmandu
Post.’
He
mustn't be an educated person if he hasn't subscribed 'The Kathmandu Post".
d.
His head was not injured in the accident because he had put the helmet
on.
His
head would have been injured in the accident if he hadn't put the helmet on.
e.
I am sure he passed the exam because he gave a heavy treat to his
friends.
I
am sure he hadn't passed the exam if he hadn't given a heavy treat to his friends.
f.
You didn’t take any breakfast so you are hungry now.
You
wouldn't be hungry now if you had taken any breakfast.
g.
I am sure he is a doctor because he is wearing the white gown.
I
am sure he wouldn't be a doctor if he was not wearing the white gown.
h. She is very rich so she drives a Mercedes.
She
wouldn't drive Mercedes if she hadn't been rich.
i.
I didn’t know it was only half a kilometer from my house, so I booked a
ride.
I
wouldn't have booked a ride if I had known it was only half a kilometer from my
house.
j.
He has hidden something in his mind, so he does not look fresh.
He would have looked fresh if he hadn't hidden
something in his mind.
Extra Exercise:
Rewrite the following
sentences using the correct form of the verbs. Choose the correct answer.
1) 1) But I would not be too
materialistic if I .......... millions of dollars. (have)
2)
Dan ..........safe if
he drove slowly. (arrive )
3)
Don’t give her anything unless she
…………….……….. (asked, asks, had asked)
4)
Emily will buy a
Pepsi if you ..........the picnic basket. (pack)
5)
Fred will answer the phone if
his wife ..........a bath. (have)
6)
He would have repaired the car himself
if he .......... the tools. (have)
7)
He .......... the bus, if he
had woken up earlier. (miss)
8)
He will not understand you if
you ........... (whisper)
9)
I wouldn't go to school by bus if
I .......... a driving licence. (have)
10)
I .......... anything I want
if I got that jackpot. (buy)
11)
I .......... around the world
if I quit my job. (travel)
12)
I .......... the most
expensive car if wanted. (buy)
13)
I .......... to London if I
don't get a cheap flight. (travel)
14)
I .......... you a present if
I had known it was your birthday. (buy)
15)
I .......... you the document
if you had given me your email address. (send)
16)
I ..........the office if
I was/were you. (call )
17)
I ..........very angry with Nick if
he forgets my CD again. (be)
18)
I will earn a lot of money if
I .......... that job. (get)
19)
I will remember you if
you ..........me a photo. (give)
20)
I would buy these shoes if
they .......... . (fit)
21)
I would give some money to
charities, if .......... rich. (be)
22)
I would help the poor if
I .......... a millionaire. (become)
23)
If Claire ..........this dress at
the party, our guests will not stay long. (wear)
24)
If he ………………, he’ll get there in time.
(run , runs, ran)
25)
If he has money,
he .......... me what I need. (lend)
26)
If he has time, he ..........her
some sweets. (buy )
27)
If he knew the answer, he ………the
teacher. (will tell, would tell, would have told)
28)
If he washed his feet more often, his
girlfriend .......... him more often. (visit)
29)
If he ..........the backpack, I'd
pull the suitcase. (carry )
30)
If he tried harder,
he .......... his goals. (reach)
31)
If I …………..a bird, I would fly in the sky.
(is , am, were)
32)
If I had lain down on the sofa,
I .......... asleep. (fall)
33)
If I hadn't studied,
I .......... the exam. (pass)
34)
If I study hard,
I .......... this year's exam. (pass)
35)
If I .......... enough time
this evening, I will watch a movie. (have)
36)
If I .......... rich,
I would quit my job. (be)
37)
If I .......... somewhere,
I would stay in the most luxurious hotels. (travel)
38)
If I .......... stronger, I'd
help you carry the piano. (be)
39)
If I .......... the lottery,
I would be a millionaire. (win)
40)
If I .......... the money, I
will buy a mobile phone. (get)
41)
If I .......... to Paris, I
will visit the Eiffel Tower. (go)
42)
If I .......... you were
coming I would have prepared a delicious meal. (know)
43)
If I ..........this snake, my
girlfriend will not scream. (touch)
44)
If I had millions of dollars,
I .......... mean. (be)
45)
If Mel ..........her teacher, he'd
have answered her questions. (ask )
46)
If she invited, I ………….her wedding.
(will attend, will have attended, would attend)
47)
If she invited, I ………….her wedding.
(will tell, would tell, would have told)
48)
If she .......... him every
day, she'd be lovesick. (see)
49)
If she does not hurry,
we .......... the bus. (miss)
50)
If the boys ..........this match,
their coach will invite them to a barbecue. (win)
51)
If the cat hides in the tree, the
dog .......... it. (find)
52)
If the weather had been better last
weekend, we .......... to the beach. (go)
53)
If the weather is fine,
we .......... on a picnic. (go)
54)
If they don't invite me,
I .......... . (go)
55)
If they had taken him to hospital
earlier, he .......... . (die)
56)
If they .......... carefully,
they might hear the woodpecker. (listen)
57)
If Tracy had a mobile phone,
she ..........all her friends. (phone)
58)
If we .......... him tomorrow,
we'll say hello. (meet)
59)
If we ..........an invitation, our
friends will come to our party. (send)
60)
If we had listened to the
radio, we .......... the news. (hear)
61)
If we meet at 9:30,
we ..........plenty of time. (have )
62)
If we'd seen you,
we .......... . (stop)
63)
If you ……….hard, you would have passed
the exam. (study, studied, had studied)
64)
If you ……hard, you would have passed in
the first division. (study, studied, had studied)
65)
If you don't read these articles,
you ..........the facts about Africa. (know)
66)
If you drop the vase,
it .......... . (break)
67)
If you had worked hard,
you .......... the exam. (pass)
68)
If you make trouble,
I .......... you to the principal. (send)
69)
If you tried again, you …………. (will
succeed, would have succeeded, would succeed)
70)
If you want to be free, you….….…………..
(can leave, could leave, could have left)
71)
If you want to be happy, ………………..
(worked hard, work hard, to work hard)
72)
If you .......... late you
would have caught the six o'clock train. (be)
73)
If you .......... the young
boy this stick, he'd hurt himself. (give)
74)
If you .......... to the
meeting yesterday, you would have met Jane. (come)
75)
If you ..........in this lake,
you'll shiver from cold. (swim )
76)
If you go out with your
friends tonight, I .......... the football match on TV. (watch)
77)
If you had switched on the
lights, you .......... over the chair. (fall)
78)
If you press CTRL + s,
you ..........the file. (save)
79)
If you spoke louder, your
classmates ..........you. (understand )
80)
If Betty .......... more
applications, she would have got an apprenticeship. (write)
81)
If he .......... earlier,
he would have met Tina. (come)
82)
If I ..........in Venice,
I will rent a boat. (be)
83)
If I had seen you,
I .......... to you. (talk)
84)
If she ..........this question
correctly, she will get an extra point. (answer)
85)
If she had noticed the
red traffic light, she .......... . (stop)
86)
If the
car .......... left, the old lady could have crossed the
street. (turn)
87)
If the sun .........., the
children will play outside. (shine)
88)
If we surf the Internet,
we ..........a lot of information about Loch Ness. (find)
89)
If you ..........into this
river, you will hurt yourself. (dive)
90)
If you had phoned me,
I .......... the show. (record)
91)
It would not surprise me if
he .......... the answer. (know)
92)
Let’s go the cinema if Milly
…………………………...….. (comes, came, had come)
93)
Lisa would find the milk if
she ..........in the fridge. (look)
94)
Maria ..........in the school
orchestra if she practised the trumpet more often. (play )
95)
Max .......... the newspaper
if he went by train. (read)
96)
Michael's teacher will
phone his parents if he ..........in the lesson. (text)
97)
My sister will
be angry if I ..........on the music too loud. (turn)
98)
Oil floats if it ………………..…….into water.
(will pour, will be poured, is poured)
99)
Provided that you were the prime
Minister, what …….you do. (will, would, would have)
100)
Raghav …passed the SLC exam if he had
worked harder at school. (have, would have, had)
101)
Richard will walk to
school if he ..........the bus. (miss)
102)
She would go to the beach if it
………………………warmer. (be , were , had been)
103)
She will forget to pick you up
if you ..........her. (phone)
104)
She would have come to our
party if she .......... on holiday. (be)
105)
Susan could have worked as a model if
she .......... taller. (be)
106)
The accident .......... if the
driver hadn't been driving fast. (occur)
107)
The boys .......... the
match if they had trained regularly. (win)
108)
The door will unlock if
you ..........the green button. (press )
109)
The engine ..........if Ben
connected these two cables. (start)
110)
The soil .......... if you
water the plants regularly. (dry out)
111)
The students would have solved the
problem if they .......... their textbooks. (use)
112)
The water in the pool would have
been warmer if the sun .......... more often. (shine)
113)
The zookeeper would have
punished her with a fine if she ..........the animals. (feed )
114)
They could have done it if they …………………..
(tried, try , had tried)
115)
They ..........in the desert if
they do not take extra water with them. (survive)
116)
They would have understood the
film if they .......... the book. (read)
117)
Top of Form
118)
Unless you invite him, he
…………………….…...come. (would, wouldn’t, won’t)
119)
We won't fetch something to drink if
Jim ..........some sandwiches. (bring)
120)
We .......... the wrong tram
if Ronaldo had asked the policewoman. (take)
121)
We would have given the man
the documents if we .......... him. (know)
122)
We'd be stupid if we .......... him
about our secret. (tell)
123)
Whether it rains or not, I …………… at
home. (will stay, would stay, would have stayed)
124)
You would get very wet if
you ..........in this rain. (walk)
125)
You ..........no trouble at school
if you had done your homework. (have)
126)
You will cross the Channel if
you ..........from Paris to London. (fly)
127)
Your room will look much
tidier if you ..........your hamster in the cage. (keep)
.jpg)
