STORY
5. My Old Home
by Lu Xun
SUMMARY
"My
Old Home" by Lu Xun is a reflective story that explores themes of memory,
disillusionment, social class, and the passage of time. The narrator returns to
his childhood town in China after many years and experiences a series of
revelations that challenge his idealized recollections.
The
story begins with the narrator's return to his hometown, prompting a flood of
memories from his youth. He recalls his brief friendship with Jun-Tu, a
laborer's child, and reconnects with forgotten neighbors. As the narrator and
his mother prepare to leave, they sell their belongings, signifying their
detachment from the past.
The
central theme of the story revolves around the tension between the narrator's
nostalgic memories and the stark reality he encounters. He is confronted by the
deterioration of his family's former grandeur, as the old house they lived in
is now rundown and weather-beaten. This contrast between his romanticized past
and the present state of the house challenges his preconceived notions and
prompts him to question the authenticity of his memories.
The
narrator's reunion with Runtu, a childhood friend, further underscores the
theme of disillusionment. Anticipating a joyous encounter, he is met with a stark
reality that contradicts his idealized memories. This discrepancy between his
perception and reality serves as a reminder that time and distance have
distorted his understanding of the past.
Lu
Xun also delves into the theme of social class, highlighting the narrator's
naivety as a child in perceiving societal hierarchies. The narrator believed
that his friendship with Runtu was a true bond, but he later discovers that
Runtu was merely a servant. This revelation challenges his belief in their
equal companionship and exposes the disparity between their social backgrounds.
Furthermore,
the story explores the broader societal context of China during that time. The
narrator's embellished memories serve as a defense mechanism against the harsh
realities of social inequality and injustice. However, his return to his
hometown forces him to confront these issues and recognize the complexities
hidden beneath his selective memories.
In
conclusion, "My Old Home" by Lu Xun is a contemplative narrative that
delves into memory, disillusionment, and societal class distinctions. Through
the narrator's recollections and encounters, the story examines how nostalgia
and personal biases can distort our understanding of the past. It serves as a
poignant reflection on the passage of time and the complexities of human
perception.
Understanding the text
Answer the following questions.
a. How does the narrator describe his feeling at the arrival of
his old home?
The
narrator experiences a complex mix of emotions upon arriving at his old home.
Initially, he carries a sense of anticipation and nostalgia, fueled by his
positive memories of the past. However, as he stands before his childhood
residence, his emotions quickly shift towards disappointment and disillusionment.
He had hoped to find changes and improvements in the surroundings, reflecting
the passage of time. The stagnancy and lack of transformation around him
contrast sharply with his optimistic expectations. This emotional shift
underscores the contrast between his romanticized recollections and the
unvarnished reality before him, revealing the gap between memory and the
present moment. The narrator's feelings encapsulate the bittersweet nature of
returning to a cherished place, only to find it frozen in time and at odds with
one's idealized memories.
b. What were the three kinds of servants in China then? What
does it indicate about contemporary Chinese society?
The
division of servants into three categories in former Chinese society reflects a
hierarchical and structured approach to labor, highlighting the societal norms
and practices of that era. The first category, day workers or short-timers,
were employed for temporary tasks and likely belonged to a more flexible labor
force. The second group, yearlongs, denoted individuals committed to serving a
single family throughout the year, signifying a deeper level of engagement and
stability in employment. Lastly, busy-monthers referred to those who provided
labor during specific periods, such as holidays or when the household was
occupied. The existence of three types of servants in former Chinese society
reflects the structure and hierarchy of labor during that era. It offers
insights into the societal norms, economic dynamics, and social stratification
of the time, shedding light on the complex interplay between different segments
of the population and their roles in the broader socio-economic framework.
c. What makes the narrator nostalgic? What did he do with Runtu
in the teenage?
The
narrator's nostalgia is deeply rooted in his memories of his childhood friend,
Runtu. Their shared experiences of playing together in a sandy field during
their early years hold significant sentimental value for the narrator. The
emotional attachment and the purity of their youthful adventures contribute to
his strong sense of nostalgia. The narrator's mother suggesting a reunion with
Runtu after years triggers a flood of sentimental memories and emotions. The
prospect of reconnecting with his childhood friend acts as a powerful trigger
for his nostalgia, reminding him of the simpler, carefree days they spent
together. These recollections of their playful interactions and shared moments
form a bridge between the narrator's present reality and his past. Nostalgia
emerges from the desire to relive the joyful moments of youth, and the
narrator's feelings highlight the enduring impact that early friendships and
experiences can have on one's emotional well-being. The memories of their time
together serve as a conduit through which the narrator's deep emotional
connection to his past is revived, showcasing the significance of cherished
memories in shaping one's perception of the past and present.
d. How did Runtu hunt a Zha in his young age?
During
his youth, Runtu exhibited a remarkable display of courage and determination by
decisively hunting a Zha. Armed with a knife, he launched a swift and forceful
attack on the Zha, harnessing his strength with great aggression. This
audacious act highlights Runtu's exceptional skills and unwavering resolve as a
young person, illustrating his willingness to face challenges head-on and his
fearless pursuit of objectives. Runtu's fearless and resolute behavior portrays
him as a determined individual unafraid of challenges, emphasizing his
readiness to take on difficulties and his proactive approach to achieving his
ambitions.
e. How does the narrator make a humorous picture of Mrs. Yang?
The
narrator humorously portrays Mrs. Yang, a former employee of a beancurd shop
located across from his house. Famously known as "Beancurd Beauty,"
she spent much of her day at the shop. The narrator reminisces about her role
in attracting customers to the shop. Through his recollections, the narrator
paints a comical image of Mrs. Yang, depicting her as a significant and
bustling figure in the neighborhood. Her constant presence at the shop and her
reputation as Beancurd Beauty contribute to the lighthearted and amusing depiction
the narrator creates. The humorous portrayal of Mrs. Yang reflects her impact
on the local community and adds a playful element to the narrative, bringing a
sense of nostalgia and amusement to the memories of the past.
f. According to the narrator, what were different factors that
made Runtu a poor man throughout his life?
The
narrator describes Runtu, his childhood friend and former temporary servant, as
a quiet but spirited individual. Runtu's life of poverty, according to the
narrator, was influenced by various factors. These included societal divisions,
obligations, discrimination, limited opportunities, a weak economic background,
and the dominance of aristocracy. These elements combined to contribute to
Runtu's disadvantaged circumstances and lack of prosperity throughout his life.
The narrator's observations shed light on the complex interplay of social and
economic factors that influenced Runtu's impoverished status, highlighting the
systemic challenges he faced in attempting to improve his situation.
g. How does the narrator help Runtu before leaving the old home?
Before
leaving the old home, the narrator extends his help to Runtu by providing him
with essential household items. Recognizing Runtu's financial difficulties and
their impending departure, the narrator decides to support him. He offers Runtu
two large tables, a collection of candles, an incense burner, and a set of
scales. This act of kindness demonstrates the narrator's concern for Runtu's
well-being and his willingness to assist him in starting anew. The provision of
these basic necessities signifies the narrator's gesture of friendship and
empathy towards Runtu, symbolizing their shared history and the bonds formed
during their time together.
h. How does the author differentiate two kinds of idols?
The
author draws a distinction between two types of idols in the story:
superstitious idols and hope. He points out that while hope is not exactly an
idol people wish to endure in the days to come, it is a more enduring and
positive force. On the other hand, the "superstitious idol" is a
temporary object of worship, often sought for immediate gains. This
differentiation highlights the author's view that while superstitious practices
may offer short-term comfort or solutions, they lack the lasting impact and
genuine positive influence that hope can provide. By contrasting these two
types of idols, the author underscores the importance of fostering genuine hope
and positivity over seeking fleeting solutions through superstitious beliefs.
Reference to the context
a. While reading the friendship between the narrator and
Runtu, Hindu readers remember the friendship between Krishna and Sudama.
Which particular description reminds you of the mythological example?
The
friendship between the narrator and Runtu in the story reflects the timeless
theme that "A friend in need is a true friend." Regardless of wealth
and social status, genuine friendship prevails. This narrative resonates with
the mythological example of Krishna and Sudama from the Mahabharata. In both
stories, economic disparities don't hinder the deep bond between friends. The
comparison is particularly evident in the similarities between the narrator and
Runtu's relationship and that of Krishna and Sudama. Sudama, a low-caste
Brahmin in poverty, was friends with the wealthy King Krishna. Similarly, the
narrator, from an upper-class background, forms a close friendship with Runtu,
who comes from humble beginnings. Both Krishna and Lu Xun aid their less
fortunate friends, with Krishna assisting Sudama and Lu Xun providing Runtu
with household necessities.
The
parallel continues as both Sudama and Runtu feel bashful and uncomfortable upon
encountering their friends. Sudama experienced shyness when visiting Krishna,
much like Runtu's embarrassment upon meeting Lu Xun. Both friendships transcend
societal barriers and reflect the universal value of friendship in the face of
challenges. The story of the narrator and Runtu thus brings to mind the
timeless mythological example of Krishna and Sudama, underscoring the enduring
nature of genuine camaraderie.
b. How does the story support the proposition that the
relationships of childhood are innocent, impartial and disinterested?
The
story "My Old Home" supports the proposition that childhood
relationships are innocent, impartial, and disinterested. The narrator, Lu Xun,
and Runtu share a genuine bond from their youth, untainted by social
hierarchies. Their interactions were free from selfish motives and driven by
pure companionship. Their memories of hunting together and playing in a
watermelon field showcase their unbiased and unselfish nature. This is
exemplified by the fact that they engaged in activities together without concern
for social status. The master/servant dynamic between Lu Xun and Runtu didn't
overshadow their friendship. The story portrays how childhood relationships are
unspoiled by adult complexities and showcase the true essence of innocence,
impartiality, and selflessness.
c. After reading the story, what inferences can you make about
contemporary Chinese economic and social system?
"My
Old Home" offers insights into the economic and social structure of
contemporary China during that time. The story underscores the complex
interrelationships among individuals from different social classes, revealing
the challenges of forming meaningful connections across societal divides. The
character of Runtu embodies the struggles of the impoverished working class,
highlighting their hardships and marginal living conditions. The three
categories of servants—Yearlongs, short-timers, and busy-monthers—reflect the
class hierarchy and servitude prevalent in Chinese society. The tale
illustrates the discontentment caused by feudal ideologies and economic
exploitation, shedding light on the peasants' suffering and the underlying
factors contributing to their harsh living conditions. The story serves as a
lens to view the disparities and hardships that existed within the contemporary
Chinese economic and social system, showcasing the complexities of
relationships, inequalities, and the impacts of societal structures.
d. What does the story indicate about the geographical features
of the narrator’s hometown?
The
story provides glimpses of the geographical features of the narrator's
hometown. The description of little towns and villages spread across a vast
landscape suggests a rural setting with scattered settlements. The landscape
appears serene and tranquil, with soft green melons stretching as far as the
eye can see. The mention of capturing birds, hunting creatures, and collecting
shells near the seaside hints at a coastal or riverside location. The
narrator's recollections of New Year's Eve celebrations and the winter setting
with a cold wind highlight the seasonal changes in the region. Overall, the
story offers insights into the natural surroundings of the narrator's hometown,
painting a picture of a simple, rural environment with elements of both land
and sea.
Reference beyond the text
a. Human beings are on the road from time immemorial, always
migrating to new places. Write an essay on The Trend of Migration in Nepal
in about 300 words.
The
Trend of Migration in Nepal
Migration
has been a consistent human phenomenon throughout history, fueled by factors
such as economic opportunities, social changes, and globalization. In the
context of Nepal, migration has taken on various dimensions, both within the
country's borders and beyond its borders. This essay will explore the trends
and implications of migration in Nepal.
Internally,
rural-to-urban migration has been a significant trend. Over the years, the
proportion of rural to urban population has shifted, indicating a move towards
urban centers. In 2058 B.S., the rural population constituted 86.1% while the
urban population was 13.9%. However, by 2068, this ratio had shifted to 82.89%
rural and 17.1% urban. This transition signifies a notable movement of people
from villages to cities, driven by the allure of better economic prospects,
improved access to education and healthcare, and the promise of a more modern
lifestyle.
The
internal migration trend is not limited to rural-urban dynamics. People from
the mountainous and hilly regions have historically migrated to the Terai, especially
along major transportation routes like the East-West Highway. Census data shows
a decline in the mountainous and hilly population, implying a migration towards
the Terai region. This movement, while driven by multiple factors, is often
motivated by the pursuit of livelihood opportunities and improved living
conditions in the relatively fertile and accessible Terai plains.
On
the international front, Nepal has witnessed a surge in global migration,
particularly during the 1990s when globalization and open market policies
gained momentum. The number of Nepalese living abroad for work purposes has
increased significantly, contributing to the positive side of migration.
Remittances sent back by Nepali migrant workers have become a crucial source of
income for many households, alleviating poverty and supporting local economies.
Additionally, returning migrants often bring back new skills, experiences, and
exposure to different cultures, which can contribute to the overall development
of the country.
However,
unmanaged migration has also brought challenges. The influx of people into
urban areas has strained infrastructure and services, leading to issues like
inadequate sewage and waste management. The job market has become overcrowded,
leading to unemployment and inequality. Inconsistent social progress, rising
crime rates, and security concerns have also emerged as negative consequences.
In
conclusion, migration is a complex phenomenon in Nepal, involving both internal
shifts from rural to urban areas and international movement in search of better
economic prospects. Managed migration can bring positive impacts, such as
remittances, skill development, and exposure to diverse cultures. However,
unregulated migration can lead to imbalanced development, strained resources,
and social challenges. As Nepal moves forward, it is crucial to address the
opportunities and challenges posed by migration through effective policies and
strategies that harness its benefits while mitigating its negative
consequences.
b. Find one of your relatives or friends, who has migrated to a
new place leaving his/her old home. Talk to him/her and prepare a report
on what he/she felt while leaving the old home.
I
had the opportunity to talk to my childhood friend Raju, who recently moved to
a new place in the Terai district of Jhapa along with his parents. Raju shared
his feelings and experiences about leaving his old home and starting a new
chapter in a different location.
Raju's
family made the decision to move because they had purchased a piece of land
with a small home in Jhapa. As they prepared to leave their old home, Raju's
father took charge of the process. He gathered their belongings, sold the
furniture, and distributed some items to their neighbors as a token of
gratitude for their support over the years.
Raju
expressed a mix of emotions as they bid farewell to their old home. He recalled
the carefree days of his childhood spent with his friends in the village and the
familiar places where he used to relax with his loved ones. The memories of
playing in the fields, sharing laughter with his friends, and the warmth of his
old home were deeply ingrained in his heart.
On
the day of departure, Raju's family was gathered outside their gate, ready to
embark on their new journey. As they said their goodbyes, Raju noticed the
somber expressions on the faces of his neighbors who had gathered to bid them
farewell. It was evident that their departure had touched the hearts of those
who had shared countless moments with them.
Raju's
family not only left behind a physical space but also a web of emotional
connections. He talked about how his neighbors seemed to be saddened by their
departure, expressing their feelings through the simple word
"farewell." Raju's voice resonated with a sense of nostalgia as he
remembered the camaraderie, shared experiences, and the sense of belonging that
their old home had provided.
In
conclusion, Raju's experience of leaving his old home was a mixture of
nostalgia, gratitude, and anticipation for the new journey ahead. The memories
of his childhood and the strong bonds with his neighbors made the transition
bittersweet. While he was excited about the opportunities in the new place, he
couldn't help but feel a sense of longing for the cherished moments and the
sense of community he left behind in his old home.
Best of Luck
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