Unit 19 | Voice | Grammar | NEB Grade XI Compulsory English Note | Language Development

Unit 19. Travel and Tourism

Grammar

 Voice

Structures in Active and Passive

 

Active:                                             Passive:

S + V + O …                                   O + Aux. Verb + Main Verb + by + S …

Hari repairs the roof.                     The roof is repaired by Hari.

Hari is repairing the roof.  The roof is being repaired by Hari.

 

 

 

Passive of different sentences:

 

Sentence	Active	Passive
Assertive	S + v + o	O + aux. + V3 + by + …
Interrogative	Aux. + S + v + o …?	Aux. + O + v3 + by + …?
	Wh. + Aux + s + v + o + …?	Wh. + Aux + o + v3 + by + …?
Imperative	V + o …	Let + o + be + v3 + …
	Let + o + v + o2 + …	Let + o2 + be + v3 + by + o ...
	Please/kindly + v …	You’re requested to + v1
	V + o …	O + should be + v3…
Optative	May + s + v + o …!	May + o + be + v3 +…!

 

 

Anu closes the door.                        The door is closed by Anu.

Does Anu close the door?                Is the door closed by Anu?

When does Anu close the door?      When is the door closed by Anu?

Write a letter.                                    Let a letter be written.

Let him write a letter.                       Let a letter be written by him.

Please write a letter.                         You are requested to write a letter.

Help the poor.                                  The poor should be helped.

May God help you!                          May you be helped!

 

 

 

Verbs Changed

Active voice	Passive voice
V1/5	is/am/are + V3
V2	was/were + V3
has/have + V3	has/have + been + V3
V4	is being + V3
modal verb + V1	modal verb + be + V3
modal V. + have + V3	modal V. + have been + V3
modal V. + have/has/had to + V1	modal V + have/has/had to be + V3
be going to + V1	be going to be + V3

 

 

 

Pronoun change but nouns do not change:

 

Subject	Object
I	me
we	us
you	you
he	him
she	her
they	them

 

I helped them.                                              They were helped by me.

Ravi helped Mina and Arun.                       Mina and Arun were helped by Ravi.

He offered me a job.                                    I was offered a job by him.

 

A. Study the following table.

 

Active sentences	Passive sentence
They destroyed the building.	The building was destroyed.
Are they meeting him at the station?	Is he being met at the station?
She handed me the plate.	I was handed the plate. The plate was handed to me.
I enjoyed taking the children to the park.	The children enjoyed being taken to the park.
They agreed to postpone the meeting.	It was agreed to postpone the meeting.
I don't like people laughing at me.	I don't like being laughed at.
She likes people taking her photograph.	She likes having her photograph taken.
Who built the Taj Mahal?	Who was the Taj Mahal built by?

 

We use the passive voice to change the focus of the sentence.

My bike was stolen. (passive – focus on my bike)

Someone stole my bike. (active – focus on someone)

 

 

 

B. Complete these sentences using the verbs given in the brackets.

 

a. Letters …… by the postman every day. (deliver)

Letters are delivered by the postman every day.

 

 

b. This bag …… in the bus yesterday. (find)

This bag was found in the bus yesterday.

 

 

c. The gate …… at 7:00 pm every evening. (lock)

The gate is locked at 7:00 pm every evening.

 

 

d. I …… to the party last week. (invite)

I was invited to the party last week.

 

 

e. The telephone …… by Graham Bell. (invent)

The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.

 

 

f. Muna Madan …… by Devkota. (write)

Muna Madan was written by Devkota.

 

 

g. How much money …… in the robbery? (steal)

How much money was stolen in the robbery?

 

 

h. Do you know cheese …… from milk? (make)

Do you know cheese is made from milk?

 

 

i. I was born in Kathmandu, but …… in Dhangadhi. (grow)

I was born in Kathmandu, but was grown in Dhangadhi.

 

 

 

 

C. Change the following sentences into passive.

 

 

a. I didn’t fix the problem.

The problem wasn’t fixed by me.

 

 

b. Police protect the town.

The town is protected by police.

 

 

c. John’s mother raised him in a small town.

He was raised in a small town by John’s mother.

 

 

d. Someone painted the building last year.

The building was built last year.

 

 

e. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.

Penicillin was discovered in 1926 by Alexander Fleming.

 

 

f. Some students study grammar on the Internet.

Grammar is studied on the internet by some students.

 

 

g. Someone had broken the window by 3:00 p.m.

The window had been broken by 3: p.m.

 

 

h. A strange man was watching us.

We were being watched by a strange man.

 

 

i. Tokyo will hold the Olympics in 2020.

The Olympics will be held in 2020 by Tokyo.

 

 

j. We are working on the report right now.

The report is being worked in right now by us.

 

 

k. My manager has told him to arrive earlier.

He has been told to arrive earlier by my manager.

 

 

l. They could not have made the mistake.

The mistake could not have been made by them.

 

 

m. I hope they are going to hire me soon.

I hope I am going to be hired soon by them.

 

n. I don't like people staring at me.

I don’t like being stared at.

 

 

o. She likes people waving at her.

She likes being waved at.

 

 

p. Who told you the story?

By whom were you told the story?

 

 

q. Is he repairing the bicycle?

Is the bicycle being repaired by him.

 

 

 

Extra Questions

Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice. Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. Change the sentences to passive voice. Change the sentences to active voice.

 

 

1)               1)        ......... (the building/use) any more?
2)                  .......... (the phone/answer) by a young girl?
3)                  ‘Let us do this. ‘The passive voice is: ………. (Let this done by us, Let this be done by us,                 Let we be done by this)
4)                  A stone smashed the window.
5)                  A thief stole my purse.
6)                  A very talented young girl wrote the story.
7)                  Adam will help me.
8)                  All workers will read the memo.
9)                  Archaeologists have discovered an ancient temple.
10)              Books .......... (write) by authors.
11)              Brian Brody directed The Ultimate Space Adventure.
12)              Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street.
13)              British astronomers discovered a new planet.
14)              Can I use your umbrella?
15)              Clothes will have been ………… (wash, washing, washed)
16)              Could mark lock the door?
17)              Could you shut the door?
18)              Dad promised by a box of chocolates.
19)              Daniel was watching the birds.
20)              Devkota wrote the Muna Madan. It means – The Muna Madan ……………by Devkota.                     (being written, was written, was wrote)
21)              Did Sabin play the guitar in the programme? No, it …………..by Lokesh. (played, is played,             was played)
22)              Different things had to be done. It means: we …….different things. (had been done, had to do,             had to be done)
23)              Doctor Simms is examining her.
24)              English .......... (speak) all over the world.
25)              English .......... (speak) in many countries.
26)              Everything has to be learnt. I means: we …………..everything. (have learnt, have been learnt,             have to learn)
27)              Fred told Johnny a lie.
28)              Has anybody put the cases upstairs?
29)              Has he given you back the book yet?
30)              Have they offered him a better job?
31)              He could not help us.
32)              He must give the message to the right person.
33)              He need not buy bread.
34)              He was being hurt. It means that …………… (they are hurting him, they were hurting him, he             was to be hurt)
35)              He will help me with money.
36)              He will not steal the watch.
37)              Her parents taught her to be punctual.
38)              Her rice pudding was loved by her friends and family alike.
39)              Her students have sent her flowers.
40)              His cat’s collar will be designed by a famous craftsperson.
41)              His travel expenses .......... (not pay) by his company.
42)              How .......... (your name/spell)?
43)              How are the tigers kept in the zoo? How ……….we keep tigers in the zoo? (do, are, did)
44)              How often .......... (the Olympic Games(hold)?
45)              Hundreds of people .......... (kill) in accidents every year.
46)              I am not helped this year. This means: ……this year. (No one helped me, Everybody helps                 me, No one helps me)
47)              I can solve this sum.
48)              I didn’t realize that someone was recording our conversation.
49)              I don’t like ………….stupid questions. (asked, is asked, being asked)
50)              I love people ………….me. (admiring, are admiring, being admired)
51)              I was not informed about the meeting. That means: NO one ……….me about the meeting.                 (was informed, informed, was being informed)
52)              In some districts farmers use pigs to find truffles.
53)              It rains a lot during the monsoon season.
54)              Jack will not post the letter.
55)              James climbed the ladder.
56)              James hit the tree with his stick.
57)              Jenny will buy a new phone.
58)              John gave Elizabeth that beautiful ring.
59)              John gave Elizabeth that beautiful ring.
60)              Kamal speaks English. That is to say: English …………by Kamal. (was spoken, speaks, is                 spoken)
61)              Let the solid be weighed in air. ............ the solid in air. (Do weigh, Have weigh, Weigh)
62)              Let’s make a fun. Let ............ (a fun made, a fun be made, a fun be made by us)
63)              London .......... (visit) by thousands of tourists every year.
64)              Lunch .......... (serve) at twelve o’clock.
65)              Many people begin new projects in January
66)              Mark was eating an apple.
67)              Mary invited Paul to her birthday party.
68)              Millions of people use the Internet every day.
69)              Mr. Elliot will pay the workers.
70)              Mukunda has to teach us. The passive form of this sentence is: ………………….. (We have                 to teach by Mukunda, We had to be taught by Mukunda, We have to be taught by Mukunda)
71)              Mum is going to prepare the food.
72)              My car .......... (repair) last week.
73)              My friend sent me an invitation.
74)              My salary .......... (pay) every month.
75)              Nobody can beat Tiger Woods at golf.
76)              Nobody hurt him. He ............ (was hurt by nobody, was not hurt, is not hurt)
77)              One of the students broke the window.
78)              Our school is very nice. It ............ by the villagers. (is build, was built, has built)
79)              Paper .......... (make) from wood.
80)              People don’t use this road very often.
81)              People say elephants live longer than men. Its passive is ………………. (It is said that                     elephants live longer than men, Elephants are said to live longer by people, It was said that                     elephants live longer than me)
82)              People should send their complaints to the head office.
83)              People throw away tones of rubbish every day.
84)              Pierre Matie will design her costume.
85)              Poisonous chemicals have polluted the river.
86)              Professor Smith should write the book.
87)              Ram hates people keeping him waiting. It can also be said: ‘He …………..waiting’. (is hated             keeping, hates are being kept, hates being kept)
88)              Saffron is cultivated in Spain and in Iran.
89)              Sam baked a big cake.
90)              Shakespeare wrote King Lear.
91)              She has …………English literature. (to be read, to read, been read)
92)              She is respected for her deeds. I means: ............ (Everybody respected her for her deeds,                     Everybody respects her for her deeds, Everybody has respected her for her deeds)
93)              She is telling the children a story.
94)              She showed her relatives the new house.
95)              She will not iron her cloth.
96)              She would not help you.
97)              Somebody accused me of stealing the money.
98)              Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.
99)              Someone bought flowers for the bride.
100)          Someone built this house 200 years ago.
101)          Someone found my wallet.
102)          Someone gave them free tickets for the concert.
103)          Someone is going to repair the roof next week.
104)          Someone is helping her with the housework.
105)          Someone reads the newspaper to him every day.
106)          Someone robbed my house. My house............ (is robbed, was robbed, was being robbed)
107)          Someone should take this rubbish away.
108)          Someone stole Jim’s bike lat night.
109)          Someone told the students a story. It means: The students ……………….a story. (the students             are told a story, the students have been told a story, the students were told a story)
110)          Someone’s going to send her some flowers.
111)          Suyogya is being provided with a scholarship by the government. That is to say: the                           government ………… Suyogya with a scholarship. (has been provided, had provided, is                           providing)
112)          The active form of ‘Are these girls invited at the feast?’ is: ............ (Did they invite these girls               at the feast?, Do they invite these girls at the feast? , Do these girls invite them at the feast)
113)          The active form of ‘By whom was the floor cleaned?’ is: Who…………...the floor? (cleans,                 has cleaned, cleaned)
114)          The active voice of ‘Let the order be given’ is: ............ (You are requested to give the order,                 Give the order, The order must be given)
115)          The actors had performed the play by Shakespeare.