Unit
18. Immigration and Identity
Grammar
Reported
speech (statements)
Sentence Pattern
of Reported Speech (Direct Indirect)
Note: The tense
of reported speech may not change if reported speech is a universal truth
though its reporting verb belongs to past tense.
|
Sentence |
Direct Speech |
Indirect Speech |
|
Assertive |
She said, “I like ice
cream.” |
She said that she liked ice cream. |
|
Interrogative (Wh. que.) |
She said to me, “What
are you doing?” |
She asked me what I was doing. |
|
Interrogative (Yes/No que.) |
She said to me, “Are
you living here?” |
She asked me if/whether I was living here. |
|
Imperative |
She said, “Please help
me.” She said, “Please
don't be late.” |
She asked me to help her. She asked us not to be late. |
|
exclamatory |
John said, “Wow! What
a nice shirt it is” |
John exclaimed
with wonder that it was a nice shirt. |
Verb Changed in
Reported Speech
|
Direct Speech:
S
+ v + O
|
Indirect Speech … said that + S + v +
O |
|
1. …v1/5 |
- …v2 |
|
2. …is /am /are + v4 |
- …was/were + v4 |
|
3. …has/have + v3 |
- …had + v3 |
|
4. …has/have + been +
v4 |
- …had been + v4 |
|
5. …V2 |
- …had + v3 |
|
6. …was/were + v4 |
- …had + been + v4 |
|
7. …has/have + to |
- …had to |
|
8. …had to |
- …had had to |
|
9. …can/will + v1 |
- …could/would + v1 |
|
10. …is going to |
- …was going to |
|
11. …had+v3/had
been+v4 |
- …unchanged |
|
12. …should/would |
- …unchanged |
|
13. …didn’t + V1 |
- ……hadn’t + v3 |
|
14. …do/doesn’t + V1 |
- …..didn’t + V1 |
Adverbial
Changed
Direct Indirect
ago before
now than
here there
today that day
tomorrow the next day/
the following day
thus so
it that
this that
these those
yesterday the day before
last night the night
before
A.
Look at the pictures and read the expressions.
B.
Study the following.
|
Direct speech |
Indirect
speech |
|
'I love
the Toy Story films,' she said. |
She said she
loved the Toy Story films. |
|
'I worked as
a waiter before becoming a chef,' he said. |
He said he'd
worked as a waiter before becoming a chef. |
|
'I'll phone
you tomorrow,' he said |
He said he'd
phone me the next day. |
|
She asked,
"What do you want?" |
She asked (me)
what I wanted. |
|
He said to me,
"Do you live near here?" |
He asked me
if/whether I lived near there. |
|
"Don't
be late," I said to Joe. |
I told Joe not
to be late. |
|
She said,
"Don't the children like ice-cream?" |
She was
surprised that the children didn't like ice-cream. |
In indirect speech,
we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past (e.g. worked) than the
tense originally used (e.g. work). This is called 'backshift'. We may also need
to change other words that were used, for example pronouns.
Change
the following into indirect speech.
a.
She said, "While I was having dinner, the phone rang."
She
said that while she was having dinner, the phone rang."
b.
My friend said, "Where are they staying?"
My
friend asked where they were staying.
c.
Jamila said, "I travel a lot in my job."
Jamila
said that she travelled a lot in her job.
d.
She said to me, "We lived in China for five years."
She
told me that they had lived in China for five years.
e.
He said to me, "Do you like ice-cream?"
He
asked me whether/if I liked ice-cream.
f.
They said, "Hurray! We've won the match."
They
exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
g.
He said, "I'd tried everything without success, but this new medicine is
great."
He
said that he had tried everything without success, but that new medicine was
great.
h.
Sony said, "I go to the gym next to your house."
Sony
said that he went to the gym next to my house.
i.
He said, "Be quiet after 10 o'clock."
He
told me to be quiet after 10 o'clock.
j.
He said, "I don't want to go to the party unless he invites me."
He
said that he didn't want to go to the party unless he invited him.
k.
He said to me, "I will see you tomorrow if you meet me."
He
told me that he would see me the following day if I met him.
l.
She said, "If I were you, I would give up the work."
She
said that if she were me, she would give up the work.
Extra Questions
Rewrite the following sentences in the reported speech. Change the
direct speech into indirect speech and vice versa. Rewrite the sentences in
reported speech.
1) 1) "Be nice to your brother," he
said. He asked me..........
2)
"Claire must rest a little
bit," said the doctor. The doctor said Claire ..........a little bit.
3)
"Do not hesitate for too
long," he told me. He told me ..........for too long.
4)
"Do you like soccer ?" He
asked me. He asked me..........
5)
"Don't be nasty," he said. He
urged me..........
6)
"Don't eat so much red meat,"
the doctor advised me. The doctor advised me......so much red meat.
7)
"Don't forget about your mum's
birthday," Sarah reminded me. Sarah reminded me ..........about my
mum's birthday.
8)
"Don't leave your luggage
unattended," the policewoman warned me. The policewoman warned
me ..........luggage unattended.
9)
"Don't waste your money" she
said. She told the boys..........
10)
"Get out of my way!" he
ordered us. He ordered us ..........of his way.
11)
"Greg used to be my best friend
from school," he told us. He told us Greg ..........his best friend
from school.
12)
"He has fallen in love with
Julie," Sam told me about William. Sam told me
that ..........in love with Julie.
13)
"I always wake up early," he
said. He said..........
14)
"I am calling my mum because of the
boat trip," she said. She said she ..........her mum because of the
boat trip.
15)
"I am waiting at the bus stop
number ten," he told me. He told me that ..........at the
bus stop number ten.
16) "I cannot come to your birthday
party," explained Mary. Mary explained that ..........to my birthday
party.
17)
"I can't drive a lorry," he
said. He said..........
18)
"I caught a cold while I was
waiting at the bus stop," Daniel told us. Daniel told us that he caught a
cold while he ..........at the bus stop.
19)
"I could fall down the
stairs," said my grandma. My grandma said ..........down the stairs.
20)
"I have been watching a romantic
film," replied Mary. Mary replied that ..........a romantic film.
21)
"I have not done the shopping
today," I explained to my mum last Friday. I explained to my mum last
Friday that I had not done the shopping ...........
22)
"I have replied to them,"
claimed Peter. Peter claimed that ..........to them.
23)
"I invited Derek to dinner last
week," Debbie told me this week. Debbie told me this week that she had
invited Derek to dinner ...........
24)
"I may lend you some money,"
promised Bill. Bill promised ..........some money.
25)
"I met you yesterday," he told
me. He told me he had met me ...........
26)
"I was with him at the disco last
week," admitted Jill. Jill admitted that ..........with him at the
disco the previous week.
27)
"I will finish this picture
tomorrow," supposed Diana. Diana supposed that she would
finish ..........picture the next day.
28)
"I will pay for it tomorrow,"
he suggested. He suggested he would pay for it ...........
29)
"I will resign today," the
minister announced this morning. This morning the minister announced that he
would resign ...........
30)
"I would buy the house on the
coast," she said. She said ..........the house on the coast.
31)
"I wouldn't go to South America if
I were you," Betty claimed. Betty claimed she wouldn't go to South America
if she ..........me.
32)
"If I was twenty years younger, I
would accept it," he thought. He thought that if ..........twenty
years younger, he would accept it.
33)
"It is time we had an
agreement," the vice president suggested. The vice president suggested
that it was time we ..........an agreement.
34)
"It is too late to apologize,"
I said. I said it ..........too late to apologize.
35)
"Jump in my car," Brad invited
me. Brad invited me ..........in his car.
36)
"Park your car behind the hotel, please,"
the porter asked me. The porter asked me ..........car behind the hotel.
37)
"Please, get in touch with them
today," he asked me. He asked me ..........in touch with them that
day.
38)
"Please, stay till the next
day," Jill begged me. Jill begged me ..........till the next day.
39)
"Put the box here," he told
me. He told me ...........
40)
"She'd better refuse this
job," insisted my father. My father insisted that
she ..........that job.
41)
"Stop laughing at me, please,"
she asked me. She asked me ..........laughing at her.
42)
"The Himalayas are the highest
mountains in the world," explained our teacher. Our teacher explained that
the Himalayas ..........the highest mountains in the world.
43)
"We must go skiing to the Alps in
winter," he said. He said that they ..........skiing to
the Alps in winter.
44)
"We used to take the same
medicine," she thought. She thought that ..........the
same medicine.
45)
"We will set off tomorrow,"
they said on Friday. On Friday they said ...........
46)
"What have you decided to do?"
she asked him. She asked him..........
47)
"Where have you been?" he
asked me. He wanted to know..........
48)
"You mustn't touch the
screen," the shop assistant ordered me. The shop assistant ordered
me ..........the screen.
49)
"You needn't change your shoes in
our house," she reminded me. She reminded me that I ..........my
shoes in their house.
50)
"You should revise your
lessons," he said. He advised the students..........
51)
“ I’d never been there before.” She
said..........
52)
“……….. ”said kalpana. (To go
and sleep, Not to go and sleep, Go and sleep)
53)
“Are you working tonight?” She asked
me..........
54)
“Be quick!” She..........
55)
“Can you help me with my homework,
please?” She..........
56)
“Can you help me?” She asked
me..........
57)
“Come here!” She..........
58)
“Come quickly!” She..........
59)
“Could you bring the book tonight?”
She..........
60)
“Could you explain number four, please?”
She..........
61)
“Could you give me the glass on the
table, please?” She..........
62)
“Could you please open the window?”
She..........
63)
“Could you tell me where the post office
is?” She..........
64)
“Did he arrive on time?” She asked
me..........
65)
“Did you arrive before seven?”
She..........
66)
“Did you do your homework?” She asked
me..........
67)
“Do the washing-up!” She..........
68)
“Do you like coffee?” She asked
me..........
69)
“Do you like studying English?”
She..........
70)
“Do you live in London?” She asked
me..........
71)
“Do you usually cook at home?”
She..........
72)
“Do you work in London?” She..........
73)
“Do your homework!” She told
me..........
74)
“Don’t be late!” She..........
75)
“Don’t do it!” She..........
76)
“Don’t do that!” She..........
77)
“Don’t go!” She..........
78)
“Don’t make a mess!” She..........
79)
“Don’t smoke!” She..........
80)
“Don't be silly!” She..........
81)
“Don't touch!” She..........
82)
“Eat your dinner!” She..........
83)
“Go to bed!” She..........
84)
“Have you been to Paris?” She asked
me..........
85)
“Have you ever seen ‘Lord of the
Rings’?” She..........
86)
“Have you seen Sita?” he asked …………Sita.
(he had seen, if he has seen, if he had seen)
87)
“Have you studied reported speech before?”
She asked me..........
88)
“He could read when he was three.” She
said..........
89)
“He hasn’t eaten breakfast.” She told
me..........
90)
“He went to the supermarket.” She said
……to the supermarket. (he went, he has gone, he had gone)
91)
“He works in a bank.” She said..........
92)
“How is your mother?” She asked
me..........
93)
“How often do you go to the cinema?” She
asked me..........
94)
“How often do you play sport?”
She..........
95)
“How was the journey?” She asked
me..........
96)
“How was your holiday?” She..........
97)
“I can help you tomorrow.” She
said..........
98)
“I didn’t go to the party.” She told
me..........
99)
“I don’t like chocolate.” She told
me..........
100)
“I don't like mushrooms” She..........
101)
Sunil said to his friend, “Don’t forget
to recharge your mobile.”
104)
Susie said, ‘I had read this book before
I gave it to you.’
105)
The asked if they could eat that. Its
direct speech is: they said, “………………?” (Can we eat this, Could we eat this, Had
we eaten this)
106)
The boy said that he had been ill since
the previous day. Its original speech is: the boy said, “I ……..………ill since
yesterday.” (am, was, have been)
107)
The doctor said to me, “The climate of
this city won’t suit you.”
108)
The lecturer asked me not to interrupt
her in the middle of her lecture. " ..........interrupt me in the
middle of my lecture," the lecturer asked me.
109)
The little girl asked the man, ‘Will you
help me?’
110)
The Major said to the jawans, “Start
marching left.”
111)
The man told me not to spit in public
places. In other words, the man said to me, “…………in public places.” (Don’t
spit, Not to spit, Not spit)
112)
The Met Department announced, “It may
rain tomorrow.”
113)
The news said, “A strong earthquake has
hit Japan.”
114)
The officer told the clerk, ‘Bring me
that file.’
115)
The policeman said to us, “Where are you
going?”
116)
The principal forbade his students
………………. (not to smoke, to not smoke, to smoke)
117)
The Principal said to the parents,
“Please sit inside the hall.”
118)
The reported speech of “I lost my pen
yesterday’ is: he said that he……....……. (lost his pen yesterday, had lost his
pen the day before, lost his pen the day before)
119)
The saint said, “Go to the Himalayas for
meditation.”
120)
The teacher asked us ……… (what he
wants, what we wanted, what did we want)
121)
The teacher said that ……….
(we are mortal, we were mortal, they are mortal)
122)
The teacher said to the boys, ‘Have you
done your homework?’
123)
The teacher said to the students,
“Complete your work.”
124)
They said, "We are busy." They
said that..........
125)
They said, "We have just
arrived." They said that..........
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