Glossary | 2. Issues and Aspects of Language | NEB Grade XII | Major English

 

An Introduction to Language and Linguistics

II. Issues and Aspects of Language

 

Glossary

abstract	conceptual	भाव, सार
accomplish	complete	पूरा गर्ने
aesthetic value	artistic value	सौन्दर्य मूल्य
appreciates	applauds	प्रशंसा गर्नु
assembling	gathering	जम्मा गर्दै
audio-lingual	audial-lingual	श्रव्य-भाषिक
authenticity	genuineness	प्रामाणिकता
aviation	flight	उड्डयन
axiomatic	obvious	स्वयंसिद्ध
behavioristic psychology	behavioristic consciousness	व्यवहारिक मनोविज्ञान
blending	combines certain parts of source and target words to make a new word in the TL, hybrid formation
borrowing	borrows or adopts SL words to the TL	उधारो
brochures	leaflets	पर्चा
catalyst	spark	उत्प्रेरक
cognitive	intellectual	संज्ञानात्मक
colonialism	expansionism	औपनिवेशिकता
communicative approach	communicative methodology	संचार दृष्टिकोण
compatible	similar	मिल्दो
competence	ability	योग्यता
comprehension	understanding	बोध
conceptualizing	theorizing	परिकल्पना
conflict management	dispute management	द्वन्द्व व्यवस्थापन
content-based teaching	subject-based teaching	सामग्री आधारित शिक्षण
contextualization	the fact or process of considering something in its context, which can help in understanding it	सन्दर्भीकरण
contradicts	disproves	विरोधाभास गर्नु
contrastive analysis	contrasting evaluation	विरोधाभाषी विश्लेषण
contrivance	plot, tactic	जुक्ति
convey	express	बुझाउनु
convincingly	credibly	विश्वस्त रूपमा
corrective feedback	corrective response	सुधारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया
correlative	associate	सहसंबंधित
crisis management	disaster management	संकट व्यवस्थापन
deductively	reaching an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts	कटौतीत्मक रूपमा
demonstration	presentation	प्रदर्शन
derived	obtained	व्युत्पन्न
desired goal	needed goal	इच्छित लक्ष्य
Devanagari script	Nepali script	देवनागरी लिपि
discontent	dissatisfaction	असन्तुष्टि
discovery technique	finding technique	खोज प्रविधि
disseminated	distributed	प्रसारित
diversity	variety	विविधता
documentation	certification	कागजात
dramatization	performance	नाटकीकरण
drill	training	दोहोर्‍याउनु
eclecticism	diversity	विविधतावाद
equivalence	similarity	समानता
essential	crucial	आवश्यक
explicitly	openly	स्पष्ट रूपमा
exposure	disclosure	संक्रमण
facilitate	simplify	सहज बनाउने
footnote	an additional piece of information given at the bottom of a page	फुटनोट
fostered	nurtured	पालनपोषण
grammar-translation	grammar-translation	व्याकरण-अनुवाद
group work	group task	सामुहिक काम
habit formation	habit structure	बानी गठन
heterogeneous	diverse	विषम
immaculate	flawless	बेदाग
impetus	stimulus	प्रेरणा
inclusive	wide-ranging	समावेशी
indigenous	aboriginal	आदिवासी
indispensable	essential	अपरिहार्य
inductively	non deductively, from example to rule	आगमनात्मक रूपमा
integral	essential	अभिन्न
intercultural contrasts	intercultural differences	अन्तरसांस्कृतिक विरोधाभासहरू
interlingual Translation	translation between two different languages	अन्तरभाषी अनुवाद
intonation	tone	स्वर
intralingual translation	translation within same language	अन्तरभाषी अनुवाद
language Rights	the rights of a minority language community to receive education, and governmental services in their languages	भाषा अधिकार
leaflets	brochures	पर्चाहरू
learnability	ability to learn	सिक्ने क्षमता
literal translation	one-to-one translation	शाब्दिक अनुवाद
loan creation	new words are coined in the TL to reflect source concepts or meanings	सापटी लिएर शब्द निर्माण
methodology	approach	पद्धति
method	a foil for reflection that can help teachers in bringing conscious awareness to their thinking that underlies teaching actions	विधि
micro-strategies	detail-strategies	सूक्ष्म रणनीतिहरू
mode-based classification	mode-based category	मोड आधारित वर्गीकरण
monolingual	one language	एकभाषी
multilingualism	use of two or more languages by an individual or by all group of speakers of a particular region or a nation	बहुभाषिकता
optimal	ideal	उत्तम
oral approach	oral method	मौखिक दृष्टिकोण
outlined	delineated	रूपरेखा
overview	general idea	सिंहावलोकन
pair work	duo work	जोडी काम
paraphrasing	paraphrases the meaning of the SL word to make it easier to understand	पाराफ्रेजिङ
pedagogical	educational	शैक्षिक
Pedagogy	teaching	शिक्षाशास्त्र
phenomenon	incident	घटना
phonemes	any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b, d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat	फोनिम
post-method pedagogy	post-method teaching	पोस्ट-पद्धति शिक्षण
procedures	techniques	प्रक्रियाहरू
proficiency	skill	दक्षता
project work	project task	परियोजना कार्य
provisions	conditions	प्रावधानहरू
recognized translation	word/expression that has already been accepted by the community	मान्यता प्राप्त अनुवाद
reified	make something abstract more concrete or real	परिमार्जन गर्नु
replicate	duplicate	नक्कल गर्नु
role play	acting	भूमिका
rupture	shatter	फुट्नु
second language	another language	दोस्रो भाषा
semantic	meaning related	अर्थपूणर्
sense-for-sense translation	the sense/meaning of the expression	अर्थपूणर् अनुवाद
simulation	artificial	नक्कली
sociocultural	social and cultural related	सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक
stratagem	tactic	रणनीति
strip story	slip story	पट्टी कथा
syllable	a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word	सिलेबल
syllabus	curriculum	पाठ्यक्रम
task-based	project-based	कार्यमा आधारित