Glossary | 3. Textual Reading: Formalistic, Linguistic and New Criticism | NEB Grade XII | Major English

 

III. Textual Reading: Formalistic, Linguistic and New Criticism

 

Glossary

aesthetic	artistic	सौन्दर्य
aesthetic experience	denotes the pleasurable or painful experience that the reader gets from a literary work	सौन्दर्य अनुभव
allegory	symbol	रूपक
alliteration	assonance	अनुमोदन
ambiguity	uncertainty	अस्पष्टता
analyzed	evaluated	विश्लेषण गरियो
arbitrary	determined by chance, not by reason	मनमानी
artifact	object	कलाकृति
assonance	recurrence	दाेहाेरिनु
assumes	believes	मानिन्छ
autonomous	independent	स्वायत्त
autonomy	sovereignty	स्वतन्त्रता
Backstory	a story that tells what led up to the main story or plot	पृष्ठभूमी
biographical approach	analyzes a literary work with reference to external factors such as the author's life, and his/her intention	जीवनी दृष्टिकोण
cohesion	recurrent patterning or repetition of linguistic units in a text	एकता
communicates	talks	सञ्चार गर्छ
comprise allusion	comprise allusion	संकेत समावेश गर्दछ
concretizes	making real	ठोस बनाउँछ
conventionalized	traditional	परम्परागत
defamiliarize	something means to present it as unfamiliar or strange	अपरिचित
deliberately	intentionally	जानाजानी
denotative meaning	basic or dictionary meaning of a word that does not change according to the context and culture	संकेतात्मक अर्थ
denotatively	culturally assigned meaning	संकेतात्मक रूपमा
diction	wording	शब्दावली
discourse	speech	प्रवचन
dissemination	spreading	प्रसार
dramatic persona	dramatic qualities	नाटकीय व्यक्तित्व
efficient	useful	कुशल
emerged	arisen	उदय भयो
entity	body	संस्था
excludes	eliminates	समावेश गर्दैन
explore	discover	अन्वेषण गर्नु
expressive	indicative	अभिव्यक्त
Flashback	Recollection	सम्झना
flash-forward	interruption of chronological sequence by interjection of events of future occurrence	बाधा
foregrounding	a technique of making particular sounds, words, phrases, or clauses more prominent than others in a literary work	अग्रभूमि
foreshadowing	revelation	पूर्वचित्रण गर्दै
formalist approach	does not give importance to the reading of a literary work in light of socio-cultural context, and readers' emotions, prioritizes form over content	औपचारिक दृष्टिकोण
formation	development	गठन
hyperbole	exaggeration	अतिभ्रमित
identifiable	recognizable	पहिचान योग्य
impersonal	objective	अवैयक्तिक
inherent	innate	अन्तर्निहित
inseparable	intimate	अविभाज्य
intensifies	deepens	तीव्र बनाउँछ
interconnected	interrelated	आपसमा जोडिएको
interrelationship	interrelation	अन्तरसम्बन्ध
intrinsic properties	that can be observed in the text	आन्तरिक गुणहरू
inversion	overturn	उल्टो
irony	satire	व्यंग
language	a socially accepted and historically determined practice	भाषा
lexical	vocabulary	शाब्दिक
lexical cohesion	lexical consistency	शाब्दिक एकता
linearly	syntagmatically	रैखिक रूपमा
linguistic perspective	focuses on the linguistic structure of a text	भाषिक दृष्टिकोण
literariness	refers to the feature that makes a given work a literary work, distinguish literary language from ordinary language	साहित्यिकता
literary	poetic	साहित्यिक
literary devices	figures of speech	साहित्यिक उपकरणहरू
metaphor	direct comparison	रूपक
meter	rhythm	मिटर
metonymy	substitution of the name of an attribute	समानार्थी
metrical	musical	मेट्रिकल
microscopic observation	microscopic study	सुक्ष्म अवलोकन
narrative techniques	chronicle skills	कथा प्रविधिहरू
new criticism	a literary text as a primary object of analysis	नयाँ आलोचना
onomatopoeia	imitation of the animal's sound	जनावरकाे अावाजकाे नक्कल
paradox	irony	विरोधाभास
parallelism	correspondence	समानान्तरता
parody	caricature	प्यारोडी
personification	representation	व्यक्तित्व
phonological	phoneme	ध्वन्यात्मक
phonological cohesion	phonological consistency	ध्वनी एकता
poetic functions	poetic roles	काव्यात्मक कार्यहरू
prioritize	give precedence to	प्राथमिकता दिने
prominence	importance	प्रमुखता
prosodic features	such as rhyme, rhythm, alliteration, assonance, and phonological cohesion	आलंकारिक गुण
pun	wordplay	शब्दकाे खेल
referential	reference	सन्दर्भ
revealed	disclosed	खुलासा
rhetorical	stylistic	वक्तृत्वपूर्ण
rhythm	beat	ताल
sarcasm	irony	व्यंग्य
semantic	meaning related	अर्थपूर्ण
seminal works	pivotal works	आधारभूत कार्यहरू
signified	denotes the meaning, idea, or concept expressed by the sign	चिन्हित
signifier	physical form of a sign. It can be a sound or a printed form of the word	संकेतक
simile	comparison	उपमा
sociocultural	social cultural related	सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक
specificity	specialised	विशिष्टता
syntactic	syntax or grammatical	व्याकरणात्मक
textual devices/features	literal devices/features	पाठ्य उपकरण/विशेषताहरू
theorist	philosopher	सिद्धान्तवादी
vertically	paradigmatically	ठाडो रूपमा