STORY
5. Civil Peace
by Chinua Achebe
SUMMARY
In
the midst of devastation and hardship, the main character Jonathan Iwegbu found
himself blessed with miracles that carried him through the aftermath of war.
His survival, along with his wife Maria and three of their four children, was
the first of these inestimable blessings. Despite the destruction around them,
their family was intact, and their heads were safe. Jonathan's old bicycle,
another miracle, had survived the war and became a valuable asset in his life.
Jonathan's
encounters during the war revealed his resourcefulness and quick thinking. When
faced with the threat of losing his bicycle to a corrupt officer, he cleverly
bribed the officer with two pounds to save his prized possession. Though he
buried the bicycle during the war to keep it safe, he later resurrected it and
turned it into a source of income by using it as a taxi. In just two weeks, his
taxi service earned him a significant sum of £115.
Jonathan's
journey led him to Enugu, where he discovered that his house was miraculously
standing despite the war's destruction. Determined to rebuild his home, he
gathered materials and hired a carpenter to restore it. Once the repairs were
complete, Jonathan reunited his family and settled back into their home.
Together, they worked hard to make ends meet, with the children picking mangoes
and Maria making Akara balls to sell.
Realizing
that his previous job in the mines was no longer an option, Jonathan adapted
and opened a bar for soldiers, showcasing his resilience and adaptability in
the face of adversity. He was grateful for having a family, a home, and a job,
cherishing each blessing that came his way.
The
story took a tense turn when Jonathan received a bonus from the government,
putting him at risk of theft on his way home. Fearing for his family's safety,
Jonathan and his loved ones were confronted by thieves demanding money.
Jonathan, being honest about his limited funds, negotiated with the thieves,
who eventually accepted the £20 he had received from the government.
Despite
the traumatic event, Jonathan remained undeterred. The next morning, he
dismissed the loss of money, acknowledging that in the war-torn environment,
possessions came and went. Jonathan's resilience and perspective were a
testament to his unwavering strength, even in the face of adversity.
The
story of Jonathan Iwegbu portrays the indomitable human spirit, the ability to
find blessings amid chaos, and the strength to rebuild and move forward.
Jonathan's gratitude for what he had and his willingness to adapt to new
circumstances allowed him to overcome the challenges presented by war and thieves.
His experiences serve as a reminder of the power of hope, perseverance, and the
unyielding belief that "nothing puzzles God," even in the darkest of
times. Jonathan's journey stands as a testament to the resilience of the human
heart and the capacity to find hope and joy even in the most difficult
circumstances.
Understanding the text
Answer the following questions.
a. Why did Jonathan think of himself as 'extraordinarily lucky'?
Jonathan
considered himself extraordinarily lucky because he and his family survived the
Nigerian war, which claimed countless lives and caused widespread devastation.
Despite the chaos and destruction, Jonathan's house miraculously remained
standing. Additionally, he managed to retrieve his beloved bicycle after the
war, which he had thought was lost. Moreover, when faced with the potential
loss of his bicycle to a corrupt officer, he cleverly saved it by providing a
bribe and later turned it into a successful taxi service. Furthermore, he was
able to repair his house at a low cost, allowing his family to return to a
stable home. These series of fortunate events amidst the turmoil made Jonathan
feel truly blessed and fortunate.
b. What are the ‘five blessings’ for which Jonathan is grateful?
Jonathan
is immensely grateful for the five inestimable blessings in his life. These
blessings are the safety and survival of his own head, his wife Maria's head,
and the heads of three out of their four children during the Nigerian war. In a
time of widespread death and devastation, the fact that he, his immediate
family, and the majority of their children emerged unscathed is a source of
immense gratitude for Jonathan. These five lives being preserved amidst the
chaos and violence of war are the foundation of his sense of being
extraordinarily lucky. It reminds him of the preciousness of life and the
resilience of his family in the face of adversity.
c. Why did Jonathan mistrust the officer who wanted to take his
bicycle? What does this tell you about the situation in Nigeria?
Jonathan
mistrusted the officer who wanted to take his bicycle because the officer's
behavior exhibited a certain lack of integrity and firmness. When the officer
attempted to commandeer the bicycle, Jonathan sensed that the officer might be
open to accepting a bribe in exchange for sparing the bicycle. This lack of
trust in the officer reflects the prevailing situation in Nigeria during the
war and its aftermath. The corruption and lack of transparency in the
government and among officials were common issues faced by the citizens. The
fact that an officer was willing to accept a bribe to let go of the bicycle
highlights the extent of corruption that existed in the country at that time.
The war and its devastating impact on society may have further exacerbated
these issues, leading to an environment where individuals were compelled to
resort to unethical practices to secure their possessions or to maintain a
semblance of control. Jonathan's mistrust in the officer reflects the general atmosphere
of suspicion and uncertainty prevailing in Nigeria during that period. It
underscores the challenges and hardships faced by ordinary citizens who had to
navigate through a complex web of corruption and deception in their everyday
lives.
d. What visitors might be at the door? Are Jonathan and his wife
completely surprised? Explain.
The
visitors at the door are likely to be thieves, considering the late hour and
the forceful knocking. When Jonathan calls out to inquire about their identity,
the reply he receives confirms his suspicion. The unexpected and aggressive
nature of the visitors' arrival leaves Jonathan and his wife completely
surprised and fearful. Given the context of the story, where Jonathan had
recently received a bonus from the government and had openly discussed having
money in his possession, the thieves may have been aware of this and targeted
his home. The fear and surprise experienced by Jonathan and his wife are
understandable, as they had not encountered such a threatening situation
before. The sudden intrusion of thieves in their home further highlights the
insecurity and dangers prevalent in the post-war society. It underscores the
vulnerability of ordinary citizens like Jonathan, who, despite their efforts to
rebuild their lives, still face the constant threat of theft and violence.
e. Why does no one in the neighbourhood respond when the thieves
pound on Jonathan’s door? Why do the thieves call for the police?
The
lack of response from the neighborhood when the thieves bang on Jonathan's door
can be attributed to the prevailing fear and terror that the war and its
aftermath had instilled in the community. The neighbors, just like Jonathan's
family, were likely living in a state of constant anxiety and vulnerability due
to the rampant crime and violence in the area. They might have been hesitant to
intervene or come to Jonathan's aid, fearing that they too could become targets
of the thieves or that involving themselves could escalate the situation
further. On the other hand, the thieves' call for the police could be an
attempt to intimidate Jonathan and his family further. By making the suggestion
of calling the police themselves, they aimed to show that they were not afraid
of the authorities and had control over the situation. Additionally, the
thieves might have known that the response time of the police in such a chaotic
and war-torn environment could be slow or ineffective, giving them more time to
carry out their intentions without interference.
Reference to the context
a. What does Jonathan mean by his expression “Nothing puzzles
God”? What does this expression reveal about his character? Explain by citing
details from the story.
Jonathan's
expression "Nothing puzzles God" reflects his deep faith and optimism
in the face of adversity. He uses this phrase whenever something miraculous or
unexpected happens in his life, attributing these events to the divine
intervention of a higher power. The expression conveys his belief that while
life may be unpredictable and full of challenges, God remains in control and is
not surprised or puzzled by the ups and downs of human existence. This
expression reveals Jonathan's character as a resilient and positive individual.
Despite living in a war-torn and challenging environment, he maintains an
unwavering faith in God and sees each miracle as a testament to divine
providence. Instead of dwelling on the losses and hardships he has faced, he
focuses on the blessings he has received, such as his family's survival, the return
of his bicycle, and the standing of his house after the war.
Jonathan's
optimism and gratitude shine through in his use of this expression, showcasing
his ability to find hope and joy even in the darkest of times. His faith in God
gives him the strength to endure and rebuild his life after the war, never
losing sight of the goodness and possibilities that lie ahead. Overall,
Jonathan's character is defined by his hopeful nature, belief in the divine,
and the ability to embrace life's uncertainties with unwavering positivity.
b. How does Jonathan change as he experiences the conflicts in
his life? Explain.
As
Jonathan experiences the conflicts and challenges in his life, he undergoes
significant changes in his outlook and actions. At the beginning of the story,
he is portrayed as a hardworking and optimistic individual who places great
value in his labor and has unwavering faith in God. Despite facing the
devastation of the war and losing one of his children, he still considers
himself lucky for the five inestimable blessings he has received - the survival
of his immediate family members and the standing of his house.
Throughout
the story, Jonathan demonstrates resilience and adaptability. When he realizes
that he cannot return to his previous job as a coal miner, he opens a bar for
soldiers to support his family. He also uses his bicycle as a taxi to earn
money, showcasing his willingness to change and adapt to new circumstances. Despite
the hardships, Jonathan remains hopeful and grateful for what he has. He
continues to work hard for the welfare of his family and never loses faith in
God's plan for him. These experiences of conflicts and challenges shape
Jonathan into a person who values the present, embraces change, and finds
strength in his unwavering faith and optimism. His ability to adapt and
maintain hope even in the face of adversity makes him a resilient and inspiring
character.
c. Read the extract and answer the questions below.
“To God who made me; if you come inside
and find one hundred pounds, take it and shoot me and shoot my wife and
children. I swear to God. The only money I have in this life is this twenty
pounds egg-rasher they gave me today ...”
i.
Who is the speaker?
Jonathan
is the speaker.
ii.
Who is the speaker talking to?
The
speaker is talking to thieves or robbers.
iii.
Who does “they” refer to?
"They"
refers to the government.
d. Nigerian English has words like soja 'soldier' and katakata
'confusion', 'trouble' derived apparently from English words but transformed by
native languages' phonologies. What does the author’s use of dialect here add
to the story?
The
author's use of Nigerian English dialect in words like "soja" and
"katakata" adds authenticity and cultural richness to the story. By
incorporating these words derived from English but transformed by native
languages' phonologies, the author immerses the reader in the Nigerian setting
and atmosphere. It enhances the portrayal of the characters and their
experiences, making them more relatable and vivid. Additionally, the use of
dialect helps in portraying the nuances and intricacies of the local language,
adding depth to the narrative. It creates a sense of place and identity,
allowing readers to better understand the cultural context in which the story
unfolds. Ultimately, the inclusion of dialect enriches the storytelling and
fosters a deeper connection between the reader and the characters and setting.
e. Why do you think the thieves who come to rob Jonathan speak
English with a heavier African accent than Jonathan does?
The
thieves who come to rob Jonathan may speak English with a heavier African
accent because they might come from a different region or background where the
local language and accent are more pronounced. Jonathan, on the other hand, is
portrayed as someone who uses Nigerian English, which incorporates elements of
the local languages but retains a more standardized English pronunciation. The
thieves' accent could be indicative of their specific origins or upbringing,
suggesting that they belong to a different social or cultural group than
Jonathan. This linguistic difference adds depth to the characterization of the
thieves and highlights the diversity of language and accents within Nigeria,
reflecting the country's rich and varied cultural tapestry.
f. The title of the story "Civil Peace" itself is
ironical as there is little to differentiate ‘civil peace’ from ‘civil war’. Do
you think that the title of this story is appropriate, or would “Civil War”
have been a better title? Explain.
The
title "Civil Peace" is indeed ironic as there is a stark contrast
between the seemingly positive connotations of "peace" and the harsh
reality depicted in the story, which is not much different from "civil
war." While "Civil Peace" may suggest a sense of tranquility and
order, the story portrays a post-war society rife with challenges, violence,
and insecurity. "Civil War" could have been a more appropriate title,
as it directly reflects the backdrop of the narrative and better captures the
story's essence. It would accurately convey the turbulent aftermath of war,
where the lines between peace and conflict are blurred. Such a title would
prepare readers for the complex and conflicting themes explored in the story,
providing a more accurate reflection of its content.
Reference beyond the text
a. How would you describe the civil peace in Nigeria?
The
period of civil peace in Nigeria, following the war, was characterized by a
complex and challenging environment. It was a time of resettlement and
rebuilding, where people tried to pick up the pieces of their lives after the
devastating effects of the conflict. However, this period was far from idyllic,
and the civil peace in Nigeria was marred by numerous difficulties and risks.
One
of the key issues during this time was the lack of significant improvements in
people's lives. The post-war period did not bring about substantial changes or
opportunities for the majority of the population. Many people struggled to find
basic necessities like food, shelter, and employment, making it difficult for
them to rebuild their lives.
Moreover,
the government's laws might have been in place, but their implementation and
enforcement were often lacking. The prevalence of anarchy and lawlessness made
it challenging for citizens to feel safe and secure. Thieves and criminals took
advantage of the chaotic post-war situation, looting and beating people with
impunity. The lack of a strong and effective law enforcement system allowed
these criminal activities to persist, creating an environment of fear and
insecurity for ordinary citizens.
Another
aspect of civil peace in Nigeria during this time was the prevalence of
corruption and bribery. As shown in the story, some government officials were
corrupt and demanded bribes in exchange for favors or to overlook certain
actions. This culture of corruption added to the challenges faced by the people
in their attempts to rebuild their lives and secure their belongings.
In
this context, the term "civil peace" may appear to be a misnomer.
While the conflict of war may have subsided, the aftermath was far from
peaceful for many. The period was marked by a sense of uncertainty,
lawlessness, and inequality. People faced numerous hardships and risks, and the
lack of effective governance and law enforcement added to the complexities of
the time.
Overall,
the civil peace in Nigeria after the war was a time of struggle and survival
for the majority of the population. It was a period of reconstruction that
required resilience and determination from the people to overcome the
challenges posed by the post-war environment.
b. What kind of attitude towards life do you think you would
have if your situation was similar to that of Jonathan’s?
If
my situation were similar to Jonathan's, I believe I would adopt an optimistic
and hopeful attitude towards life. Jonathan's character exemplifies resilience
and the ability to find blessings in the midst of hardships. Despite facing the
devastation of war and the loss of a child, he remains grateful for the five
inestimable blessings he received – his family's survival and his house
standing.
In
such a challenging situation, I would strive to maintain hope and positivity,
focusing on the blessings and the small joys that life still offers. This
attitude would help me cope with the difficulties and uncertainties and provide
a source of strength to face the adversities.
Being
in a tough situation like Jonathan's would also make me more empathetic and
compassionate towards others who may be struggling. I would extend a helping
hand to those in need, understanding the importance of community and support
during difficult times. Just as Jonathan opened a bar for soldiers to earn a
living, I would try to find ways to contribute positively to society, even if
it means starting anew.
Faith
in God would play a significant role in guiding my actions and decisions. Like
Jonathan, I would believe in the power of faith and prayer, finding solace and
guidance in spirituality. This faith would provide comfort during moments of
distress and give me the determination to persevere.
In
challenging circumstances, it is crucial to take the right decisions and choose
the best course of action. Jonathan's resourcefulness and ability to adapt to
new circumstances serve as an inspiration. I would aim to make wise decisions
that prioritize the well-being of my family and the people around me, even if
it means taking unconventional routes, as Jonathan did by using his bicycle as
a taxi.
If
I were in a situation similar to Jonathan's, I would strive to maintain an
optimistic and hopeful attitude towards life. Embracing resilience, compassion,
faith, and the willingness to adapt, I would find strength in the midst of
challenges. Just like Jonathan, I would cherish the blessings, keep moving
forward, and be hopeful for a brighter future.
c. Draw the character sketch of Jonathan Iwegbu.
Jonathan
Iwegbu is portrayed as a resilient and optimistic character in the story
"Civil Peace." His unwavering faith in God and his ability to find
blessings in the midst of hardships make him a truly inspiring protagonist.
Jonathan's
optimism shines through his belief in the phrase "Nothing puzzles
God," which he utters whenever something miraculous happens in his life.
This line reflects his deep faith and trust in a higher power, giving him the
strength to face challenges with hope and positivity. Despite living in the
aftermath of a devastating war, Jonathan remains grateful for the five
inestimable blessings he has received – the safety of his family members and
his standing house.
As
a hardworking individual, Jonathan is determined to rebuild his life and
provide for his family during the time of civil peace. He works tirelessly to
restore his home, using available materials and hiring a carpenter for the
housework. Even when faced with the loss of his job as a coal miner, he adapts
and opens a bar for soldiers, showcasing his resourcefulness and resilience.
Jonathan's
love for his family is evident throughout the story. He prioritizes their
safety and well-being, protecting them from harm when the thieves come to rob
their house. He is a caring and supportive husband to Maria and a responsible
and loving father to his children. The entire family, including his wife and
children, work hard to support each other during this challenging time, picking
mangoes, making and selling Akara balls, and helping Jonathan run his taxi
service.
Despite
the hardships and losses he experiences, Jonathan never dwells on regrets. He
values the present and cherishes what he has, demonstrating gratitude for the
blessings that come his way. His optimistic and hopeful nature serves as an
inspiration to his family and the readers, emphasizing the importance of
maintaining a positive outlook even in the face of adversity.
Jonathan
Iwegbu's character is that of a strong and optimistic individual who faces
life's challenges with faith, hope, and determination. His resilience, love for
his family, and ability to find blessings in difficult circumstances make him a
truly memorable and admirable protagonist in the story "Civil Peace."
Best of Luck
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