POEM
4. The Awakening Age
by Ben Okri
SUMMARY
"The
Awakening Age," penned by the prolific poet and storyteller Ben Okri, is a
poignant and evocative composition that sheds light on the suffering,
obstacles, and hardships endured by African Negroes while simultaneously
advocating for global peace, prosperity, liberation, unity, and harmony.
Through its seven stanzas, each comprised of two lines, the poem captures the
essence of awakening humanity from the darkness of ignorance and destitution to
the enlightenment of a new age.
The
poem's structure, with its fourteen lines, resembles a sonnet, offering a
compact yet impactful space to convey the poet's message. The opening word,
"Oye," draws attention and sets a tone of urgency, as if heralding an
imperative proclamation. The poem then delves into a metaphorical journey
undertaken by ordinary travelers along the meridian line, a symbol of human
progression. These travelers, upon witnessing the suffering and hardships of
the less fortunate, yearn to rouse them from their struggles and lead them
towards a world characterized by freedom, emancipation, equality, and
modern-day prosperity.
Okri
introduces the concept of optimism, embodied by individuals who envision a
woven history of mankind. These optimistic souls seek to transcend barriers by
climbing a metaphorical hill using a "rope of hope," symbolizing the
human capacity for perseverance and aspiration. This rope, which guides people
towards an era of enlightenment, empowerment, wisdom, and equality, serves as a
powerful metaphor for the potential of hard work, creativity, and resilience to
uplift societies.
The
poet emphasizes the purity and whiteness of hearts possessed by these
optimistic individuals. This purity is symbolic of their noble intentions and
their desire to promote justice, equality, and harmony. The poem beautifully
captures the essence of this enlightened age as a realm where the voices of
equality, freedom, brotherhood, justice, unity, and harmony resonate globally.
At
its core, "The Awakening Age" is an embodiment of Okri's artistry.
Through eloquent rhyming schemes and vivid imagery, he skillfully conveys the
deeply entrenched issues of partiality, inequality, poverty, racial and color
discrimination. He envisions a world where these issues are replaced by a
culture of equality, freedom, and genuine fraternal and sororal cooperation.
The
poem serves as a poignant reminder of the plight of African Negroes, who have
historically faced immense struggles. Yet, it also serves as a universal call
for unity and solidarity among all humans, regardless of their origins or
circumstances. Okri's work resonates across geographical and cultural
boundaries, prompting contemplation on the shared human experience and the
collective responsibility to strive for a world free from suffering and marked
by mutual respect and understanding.
"The
Awakening Age" stands as a testament to Ben Okri's ability to capture
complex human experiences and aspirations within a succinct and impactful
poetic form. Through its vivid imagery and metaphors, the poem poignantly
conveys the need for unity, equality, and enlightenment, offering a timeless
message that resonates across the ages and cultures.
Understanding the text
Answer the following questions.
a. Who are the people 'who travel the meridian line?
In
the poem, the phrase "who travel the meridian line" is a metaphor
that refers to Nigerians who have united after the tumultuous period of
Nigeria's civil war, which had previously divided the nation into northern and
southern regions. Crossing a meridian line symbolizes transitioning from one
side of the Earth to the opposite side. In this context, it signifies
transcending past divisions and coming together as a unified nation. The
"ordinary travelers" or "researchers" mentioned are
representative of these Nigerians who are collectively moving beyond historical
fractures and working towards a common goal of unity and progress. The concept
encapsulates a journey of reconciliation and harmony, illustrating how people
are navigating across the boundaries that once separated them, in pursuit of a
shared future.
b. What does the poet mean by 'a new world?
In
the context of the poem, the phrase "a new world" conveys a profound
metaphorical shift. It signifies a paradigm characterized by hope, prosperity,
unity, truth, wisdom, and creativity. The poet employs this phrase to
encapsulate the transformative vision of a better and more equitable future.
This "new world" represents a departure from the hardships and
suffering highlighted earlier in the poem. It symbolizes a realm where humanity
rises above its challenges, embraces collective progress, and champions values
that uplift society as a whole. By invoking the concept of a "new
world," the poet underscores the potential for positive change and invites
readers to envision a harmonious existence built on shared ideals, where
individuals contribute their unique abilities to cultivate a brighter, more
inclusive reality.
c. How are people connected to each other?
The
interconnection between individuals lies in their shared sense of purpose and
the pursuit of clarity and unity. People are bound together by a collective
aspiration for enlightenment and understanding, symbolized by the
"clearest light." This shared quest for knowledge and insight forms
the basis of their connection. Moreover, the desire for unity serves as another
binding factor. The yearning for togetherness and harmony among people creates
a strong bond that transcends individual differences. This connection isn't
solely physical or geographical; it's a fusion of aspirations and intentions
that bridges gaps and fosters a sense of community. The notion of people being
connected through a shared journey towards clarity, wisdom, and unity portrays
a deeper, spiritual connection that unites individuals beyond the surface,
emphasizing the importance of collective progress and mutual support.
d. What can we gain after our perceptions are changed?
When
our perceptions undergo transformation, we open doors to a myriad of positive
outcomes. One of the most significant gains is unity – as our altered
perspectives allow us to recognize our shared humanity, breaking down barriers
and fostering a sense of togetherness. Alongside unity, our newfound
perceptions lead to greater equality, as we become attuned to the injustices
and imbalances that may have been previously unnoticed. This awareness sparks a
commitment to rectify these issues and promote fairness. Furthermore, as our
perspectives shift, we begin to perceive avenues for prosperity that were
previously hidden. We become more open to innovative solutions and
collaborations that can drive progress. Moreover, changed perceptions evoke a
sense of brotherly and sisterly feeling – a deep empathy and connection with
others. This emotional bond nurtures compassion and collective well-being,
enriching our social fabric with understanding and care. In essence, altered
perceptions pave the way for a harmonious world characterized by unity,
equality, prosperity, and genuine human connection.
e. How are we benefited by new people?
The
presence of new people brings a range of benefits to our lives. They offer
invaluable support as we embark on the journey towards new heights of hope and
possibility. Their fresh perspectives and enthusiasm infuse us with renewed
energy, propelling us towards unexplored horizons. Additionally, the
introduction of new individuals into our lives allows us to experience a
blossoming of truth. Their insights and experiences shed light on different
facets of reality, expanding our understanding of the world around us. Furthermore,
new people contribute to our growth through their creative endeavors, wisdom,
and innovative thinking. Their unique talents and approaches challenge our
existing paradigms, inspiring us to think outside the box and embrace novel
solutions. This exchange of creativity and wisdom fosters personal and
collective evolution, enriching our lives with diverse knowledge and
perspectives. The presence of new individuals in our journey contributes to a
dynamic cycle of mutual support and growth. Their contributions help us reach
new heights, deepen our understanding of truth, and infuse our lives with
creativity and wisdom, ultimately enhancing the quality and depth of our
experiences.
f. Describe the rhyme scheme of this sonnet.
The
rhyme scheme of this sonnet follows a structured pattern, enhancing its
rhythmic flow. It adheres to the AABB CCDD EEFF GG sequence, which classifies
it as a Monorhyme. This scheme involves every line within each stanza sharing
the same rhyme sound, providing a harmonious and musical quality to the poem.
The couplet, "GG," rounds off the sonnet, adding a sense of
conclusion or resolution to the theme. The consistent rhyme scheme not only
imparts a sense of unity and coherence to the poem but also contributes to its
aesthetic appeal. This deliberate pattern serves as a foundation upon which the
poet weaves the narrative, emphasizing certain ideas, and creating a sense of
rhythm that engages the reader's auditory senses while enhancing the overall
impact of the sonnet.
Reference to the context
a. What does the poet mean by 'the awakening age"?
The
phrase "the awakening age" encapsulates the poet's yearning for a
transformative era characterized by enlightenment, liberation, and unity. The
poet's observation of the African people enduring immense suffering and
hardships compels him to advocate for a global state of peace, prosperity,
happiness, and harmony. He envisions a collective awakening from the
metaphorical "world of darkness" and poverty, where humanity
transcends its struggles to enter an enlightened epoch. This "awakening
age" symbolizes a shift from ignorance to knowledge, from oppression to
liberation, and from division to unity. The poet's desire to arouse awareness
and positive change underscores his aspiration for a harmonious world where
people emerge from their struggles to embrace a new era marked by
understanding, equality, and shared well-being. Through this phrase, the poet
appeals for a global awakening to break free from the constraints of adversity
and move towards a brighter, more enlightened future.
b. Why, in your view, have these people ‘lived with poverty's
rage'?
The
phrase "lived with poverty's rage" signifies the enduring struggle of
individuals who have been subjected to the wrath of poverty. These people have
faced relentless hardships, torment, and suppression, which have been imposed
upon them by societal inequalities and systemic injustices. Their lives are
marked by economic deprivation, lack of opportunities, and limited access to
basic necessities, leading to a state of constant struggle and frustration. The
term "rage" reflects the deep-seated frustration and anger that arise
from living under such circumstances, often feeling powerless in the face of
adversity. The individuals described have experienced profound marginalization
and oppression, driving them to express their discontent and demand change.
This phrase highlights the urgency of addressing poverty and the inequalities
that perpetuate it, emphasizing the need for collective efforts to alleviate
the suffering and rage borne by those who have been trapped in its grip.
c. Why does the poet appeal for solidarity among the
people?
The
poet's appeal for solidarity among people stems from the recognition that unity
is a potent force for overcoming hardships, obstacles, and suffering. By coming
together, individuals can pool their strengths, resources, and collective will
to effectively address the challenges they face. The appeal for solidarity is
grounded in the belief that a unified front can lead to liberation and freedom
from oppression. When people unite, their shared efforts can exert
transformative power, sparking change and breaking the chains of inequality and
injustice. Furthermore, the call for solidarity is integral to fostering a
global community marked by values such as equality, freedom, brotherhood,
justice, unity, and harmony. The poet envisions a world where people transcend
differences and work hand in hand for the betterment of all. This solidarity
not only amplifies individual voices but also magnifies their collective impact,
creating a ripple effect that can drive positive change on both local and
global scales. In essence, the poet's appeal for solidarity serves as a
catalyst for empowering individuals to collaborate, stand up against injustice,
and build a more equitable and harmonious world.
d. Does the poet present migration in a positive light? Why? Why
not?
Yes,
the poet presents migration in a positive light in "The Awakening
Age." Migration is portrayed as a transformative path toward
self-discovery and personal growth. The poet emphasizes that migration offers
the opportunity to envision a "new world within," indicating the
potential for individuals to expand their horizons and gain fresh perspectives.
The notion of being "richly linked in hope" underscores migration's
positive outlook, suggesting that it fosters optimism and aspirations for a
better future. The imagery of "walking in the right track" further
reinforces the positive aspect, implying that migration leads individuals
towards a positive trajectory. This portrayal aligns with the poet's theme of
awakening to an era characterized by unity, freedom, and prosperity. However,
while the poem emphasizes the positive potential, the complexities and
challenges of migration are not fully explored, which could be seen as a
limitation in its portrayal.
e. Nepal is also known for its economic as well as educational
migrants. Have you noticed any change in the perceptions and behaviours of
these migrants when they return home from abroad?
Nepal
is recognized for both economic and educational migration. Notably, there are
observable shifts in the perceptions and behaviors of these migrants upon their
return. Economic migrants often bring back financial resources and improved
skills, which can lead to changes in their outlook and actions. Educational
migrants, exemplified by figures like Mahabir Pun, contribute positively by
initiating various social projects in remote regions. These initiatives
instigate transformations in local communities, prompting shifts in behavior
and business practices. As migrants reintegrate, they often bring with them
fresh perspectives, enhanced skills, and exposure to different cultures. These
factors collectively contribute to altered perceptions and behaviors,
influencing economic and social dynamics in Nepal. The return of migrants holds
the potential to invigorate local economies, catalyze social development, and
foster innovation, thus showcasing the tangible impact of migration on Nepal's
progress.
f. Relate the rhyme scheme of this sonnet to the kind of life
idealized by the poet.
The
rhyme scheme of the sonnet, AABB CCDD EEFF GG, mirrors the kind of life
idealized by the poet. This pattern reflects a sense of balance and symmetry,
much like the harmony and unity the poet envisions in an idealized world. The
consistent AABB and CCDD rhyme scheme within each stanza symbolizes unity and
equality, mirroring the themes the poet hopes to promote. The rhyme scheme EEFF
introduces a slight variation, symbolizing the imperfections and challenges
that exist even in an ideal world. Finally, the couplet GG at the end echoes
the resolution and fulfillment of the poet's vision, reinforcing the sense of
completion. The rhyme scheme's rhythmic and musical quality echoes the poet's
desire for a world characterized by harmony, equality, and unity. Just as the
rhyme scheme creates a structured and pleasing pattern, the poet hopes to see a
society structured around fairness, justice, and brotherhood. Through this
consistent and balanced rhyme scheme, the poet expresses the aspiration for an
idealized life that resonates with the themes of the poem and seeks to awaken
the world to this harmonious vision.
Reference beyond the text
Write an essay on 'The Impacts of Migration on Nepali Society:
The
Impacts of Migration on Nepali Society
Migration,
driven by a complex interplay of push and pull factors, has become a prominent
global phenomenon. Nepali society has also experienced significant impacts from
this trend, both positive and negative. Migration is often the response to push
factors such as conflict, poverty, and disasters, coupled with the allure of
pull factors like employment opportunities. In the context of Nepal, a nation characterized
by diverse landscapes and demographics, the impacts of migration on society are
multifaceted and dynamic.
In
recent years, Nepal has witnessed a surge in outmigration, particularly from
the middle hills. This has given rise to discussions about its ramifications on
the society left behind, livelihoods, and land management. The effects of
migration are far-reaching and can be categorized into various dimensions.
One
of the most notable effects of migration is the demographic change it induces.
The increase in migrant populations, along with remittances they send back
home, has led to changes in population dynamics, affecting existing social
structures and institutions. This influx has led to increased demand for goods
and services, which has both positive and negative consequences. While it can
stimulate local economies, it can also lead to resource strain and urban
environmental challenges, such as deteriorating air quality due to increased
pollutant emissions.
Economically,
migration has diverse impacts. The remittances sent by migrants have become a
lifeline for many families, alleviating poverty and improving living
conditions. However, the dependency on remittances also poses challenges, as it
may lead to a reduction in the use of locally available resources, including
land cultivation. Moreover, the shift of skilled workers from rural areas to
urban centers can lead to labor shortages and decreased agricultural
productivity.
Migration
is not only an economic phenomenon; it also influences cultural and social
aspects. Migrants bring back new cultural experiences, customs, and languages,
contributing to cultural diversity and fostering a broader understanding among
people. This exposure can help enhance social cohesion and promote brotherhood.
Additionally, migration of skilled workers can lead to the development of
expertise and innovation, contributing to the economic growth of the region.
Migration's
impacts on Nepali society are intricate and multifaceted. While it brings
economic relief and cultural exchange, it also introduces challenges like
resource strain and changing demographics. Addressing these impacts requires a
comprehensive approach that takes into account the broader socioeconomic
context, allowing Nepal to harness the positive aspects of migration while
mitigating its negative consequences.
Best of Luck
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