HISSAN
CENTRAL EXAMINATION - 2079 (2022)
ENGLISH
Grade:
XII
Time
:3 hrs.
F.M.:
75
Candidates are required to give answers in their own words as far as
practicable. The figure in the margin indicates full marks.
Attempt ALL the questions:
1.
Read the following text and complete the tasks that follow. [15]
THE USE OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Architecture
is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. A building
reflects the scientific and technological achievements of the age as well as
the ideas and aspirations of the designer and client. The appearance of
individual buildings, however, is often controversial.
The use of an architectural style cannot be said to start or finish on a
specific date. Neither is it possible to say exactly what characterizes a
particular movement. But the origins of what are now generally known as modern
architecture can be traced back to the social and technological changes of the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Instead of using timber, stone and traditional building techniques, architects
began to explore ways of creating buildings by using the latest technology and
materials such as steel, glass and concrete strengthened steel bars, known as
reinforced concrete. Technological advances also helped bring about the decline
of rural industries and an increase in urban populations as people moved to the
towns to work in the new factories. Such rapid and uncontrolled growth helped
to turn parts of cities into slums.
During 1920s architects throughout Europe were reacting against the conditions
created by industrialization. A new style of architecture emerged to reflect
more idealistic notions for the future. It was made possible by new materials
and construction techniques and was known as Modernism.
By
the 1930s many buildings emerging from this movement were designed in the
International Style. This was largely characterized by the bold use of new
materials and simple, geometric forms, often with white walls supported by
stilt like pillars. These were stripped off unnecessary decoration that would
detract (withdraw) from their primary purpose- to be used or lived in.
Questions:
A. Choose the best answer. [5x1=5]
a. The word 'controversial' in the 5th line is opposite in meaning to:
i.
agreeable
ii.
argumentative
iii.
uncompromising
b. The word 'slum' in line 20 means:
i.
citadel
ii.
villa
iii.
ghetto
c.
The word 'this' in the statement 'By the 1930s many buildings emerging from
this movement were designed in the International Style' in the last paragraph
means:
i.
The style of the buildings influenced with Modernism
ii.
The building style using timber, stone and traditional techniques
iii.
The construction of the building using reinforced concrete
d. Modernism here is used to refer to:
i.
Literature
ii.
Art and Painting
iii.
Architecture
e.
The meaning of 'reinforced' in the third paragraph is:
i.
tendered
ii.
weakened
iii.
fortified
B.
Complete the following sentences in not more than four words. [5x1=5]
a. Architects began to explore ways of creating buildings by using the latest
technology and materials such as steel, glass and concrete strengthened steel
bars instead of timber and stone.
b. The origins of modern architecture can be traced back to social and
technological changes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
c.
Technological advances also contributed in decline of rural industries
and an increase in urban populations.
d. By the 1920s, a new style of architecture emerged which was
termed as Modernism.
e. Modernism in building was largely characterized by the bold
use of new materials and simple, geometric forms, often with white walls
supported by stilt like pillars.
C. Answer the following questions in brief. [5x1=5]
a. What does a building reflect?
Answer:
The
building reflects the scientific and technological achievements of the age as
well as the ideas and aspirations of the designer and client.
b. When was the modern architect presumed to have been started?
Answer:
The
modern architect was presumed to have been started to the social and
technological changes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
c.
How did technological advancement impact the world?
Answer:
Technological
advances helped bring about the decline of rural industries and an increase in
urban populations as people moved to the towns to work in the new factories.
d.
Define Modernism in relation to architecture as mentioned above.
Answer:
Modernism
was known as a new style of architecture emerged to reflect more idealistic
notions for the future, which was made possible by new materials and
construction techniques.
e. Why were excessive decorations stripped off in most of the buildings
designed in the international style?
Answer:
Excessive decorations were stripped off unnecessary decoration that
would detract from their primary purpose in most of the buildings designed in
the international style.
2. Answer the following questions in short: [5x2-10]
a. Describe the expository scene of the story 'The Treasure in the Forest'?
Answer:
The
story "The Treasure in the Forest", written by 'H. G. Wells' explains
the result of one's greed. It explains how the things that goes around, comes
around back at you the same way. In the story, two friends, who tricked a
Chinese man in the greed of treasure also dies at the end and the treasure
remains as it was, which describes the main theme of the story.
The expository
scene of the story 'The Treasure in the Forest' is as follows: 'The canoe was now approaching the land. The bay opened
out, and a gap in the white surf of the reef marked where the little river ran
out to the sea; the thicker and deeper green of the virgin forest showed its
course down the distant hill slope. The forest here came close to the beach.
Far beyond, dim and almost cloudlike in texture, rose the mountains, like
suddenly frozen waves. The sea was still save for an almost imperceptible
swell. The sky blazed.'
b.
What do you understand by the line 'The hills untied their bonnets'? (A Day)
Answer:
The poem "A Day" is written by "Emily Dickinson The poem can be
portrayed in two different perspectives. Where in one, the day explained in the
poem can be seen as a day itself. In the other one, the day can begin and
ending of with sunrise and sunset as compared to the life of a person where the
sunrise symbolizes birth and sunset symbolizes death.
The
line in the poem 'the hills untied their bonnets' can be explained as a part of
the day when the sun slowly reaches at the top of the hills and the rays of sun
slowly melts away dew from the night and its rays sprinkles light on the hills.
Also, the bonnets can be compared to the bonnets worn by child and, in life,
the line represents the phase of life when a child finally grows and starts
exploring the world on their own.
c.
How is marriage an institution? (Marriage as a Social Institution)
Answer:
The
essay "Marriage as a social Institution" written by "Stephen L.
Nock" explains how the concept of marriage has evolved over the years,
decades and centuries. The writer explains in the essay how marriage is not
only the bond of two people in love but the bond of two different societies,
communities, cultures and ideologies. Thus, marriage is an institution to be
specific, a social one, as it makes people of two different societies and
communities come together and live as a one.
A
marriage is much more than the sum of two spouses. It is also a relationship
defined by legal, moral, and conventional assumptions. While one can imagine a
variety of close personal affiliations uniting two adults, the variety of
marriage affiliations is much narrower because marriage is an institution, culturally
patterned and integrated into other basic social institutions, such as
education, the economy, and politics. Marriage has rules that originate outside
any particular union of two spouses and that establish soft boundaries around
the relationship that influence the partners in many ways. The boundaries
around marriages are the commonly understood allowable limits of behavior that
distinguish marriage from all other kinds of relationships. The social norms
that define the institution of marriage identify married spouses in ways that
distinguish them from others. Married couples have something that other couples
lack: they are heirs to a vast system of understood principles that help
organize and sustain their lives.
d. What is the goal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? (Human
Rights and the Age of Inequality)
Answer:
The
essay "Human Rights and the Age of Inequality" is written by "Samuel
Moyn". The writer, here presents his ideas about the declaration of Human
Rights all over the world but still the existence of inequality all over the
place.
The
world, where we live today, few enjoy these benefits. It is the utopia foreseen
in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 1, whose goal is to provide
a list of the most basic entitlements that humans deserve. The movement has
belatedly turned to mobilization for the economic and social rights that the
Universal Declaration promised from the start. Any enlightened regime respects
basic civil liberties, though the struggle to provide them is compelling and
unending. One hates repression and not merely indigence. The value of
distributive equality – any ceiling on the wealth gap between rich and
poor – is as absent from the Universal Declaration, as well as from the
legal regimes and social movements that take it as their polestar. The founding
document of human rights announced status equality: according to its first
article, all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It may
be true that, in a world devastated by the evils of racism and genocide, the
assertion of bare status equality was itself a revolutionary act. Yet this same
status equality implies nothing more.
e.
Draw the character sketch of Monsieur Duran. (Facing Death)
Answer:
"Facing Death", written by "August strindberg" is a one act
play that at the end reveals how a father sacrificed his life for the sake of
his daughters' happiness and how he lived with lies which resulted him being
hated by his own daughters.
Monsieur
Duran is the main character of the play, who owns a hotel and earns for his
three daughters and himself. However, the earning made from it is not enough for
his family and he struggles with fulfilling even the basic needs, for which his
daughters do not treat him well. He was hated most by his youngest daughter but
still he is more conscious to her before his death with eldest daughter. Before
handing over the family responsibility to his eldest daughter, he advised
minutely to her. As a father, he could not bear the behaviour of his guest
Antonio, who is trying to benefit of his poverty.
And
for the sake of his daughters, he, at the end takes his own life and doesn't
even complain about it. This shows how sacrificial he was for his daughters'
happiness.
3.
Write long answers to the following questions: [2x5=10]
a. The story 'Neighbours' shows that linguistic and cultural barriers do not
create any obstacle in human relationship. Cite some examples from the story in
which the neighbours have transcended such barriers.
Answer:
The story "Neighbours", written by "Tim Winston" explains
how multi-lingual, multi-cultural barriers do not prevent us from bestowing
love and compassion with each other. Humans are meant to love and compassion
for the existence of humanity and no barrier, De It cultural and linguistic,
can never be an obstacle to it. In the story, the newlywed couple shifts to the
place where they somehow struggle with cultural and lingual differences. They
assume that their relationship with their neighbours cannot be taken as normal
as they don't understand each other's language.
However,
as the story continues, they slowly start talking sign languages as both of
them do not understand each other's language. This talk in sign language in the
story represents now they are drawn to each other for a talk, to know about
each other and accept each other as a small part of life. Though they both seem
to be rude to each other initially, they slowly realize that they are not what
they presumed them to be. In contrary, the neighbours were trying to reach out
to the new couple and ask them if they needed any help from them. Again, in the
story, as it continues when the young man goes to work on his field, to make a
place for some chickens and to seed a plant, and one of the neighbours suggests
him about how to do the work. He even gives him seed to plant and tries helping
him out while he works in the field. This event slowly grows understandability
between them and makes their relationship better later in the story.
After
giving the birth to a baby, the neighbours advice them on caring the baby as
they don't have much ideas. This event also adds on to the respect, love and
compassion both the neighbours have for each other. These small helps, talks,
even in sign language makes them forget their barriers they created in their
mind due to cultural and lingual differences. Thus, these little things where
the neighbours from different culture and language bestow love and compassion
to each other, shows how these linguistic and cultural barriers do not create
any obstacle in human relationship.
b.
A proverb says, "Nothing is pleasanter than exploring a library."
Does this proverb apply in the essay? Explain. (On Libraries)
Answer:
The essay "On libraries" is written by "Oliver sacks",
where the writer expresses his love for books, learning and libraries from his
childhood. He explains how pleasant the feeling is when he sits down with a
book in a library and learns about things.
From
the very childhood phase of his life, the speaker has felt love for books.
While the children love going outside playing with their friends, the writer
used to sit down with a book and start reading. He would often be found in
library of his own house and being with books would genuinely make him happy.
He would always enjoy reading and exploring different types of books as it gives
him happiness. He explains how exploring a library with the books of different
genres, different concept written by different people is a pleasant feeling to
have. The more we explore books and library, more we will know about the world
and learn subconsciously or consciously, being with books, learning from books
helps a person grow as an individual and learning from the books itself can
never be compromised. The proverb, that is why, applies rightly in the essay as
the writer explains his love for books with compassion 'nothing pleasanter than
exploring a library'.
Thus, exploring a library means exploring different types of books, which
eventually means exploring different perspectives and ideas and this is
explained as a pleasant feeling by the speaker in the essay.
4. Write a paragraph on A Rural Life'. [7]
Answer:
People often quickly get used to the places and surrounding that they were
raised. And if the surrounding is privileged, filled with infrastructures to
make life easier, it will be difficult for them to adjust in any other environment
lesser in infrastructures. That is why people in the urban areas and not quite
known about the rural life. However, they can always know more and learn more
being outside of their comfort zone.
We,
the people from urban areas often have imagery of rural areas being not so
managed and organized as in the city, which somehow is true. Rural areas,
being, remote place doesn't have much of tall buildings and sparkling vehicles
running here and there. Such areas are often even back in technology and living
a life of quality. People still have to walk for hours and hours just to get
drinking water and woods materials they need in their day-to-day activities.
Getting a proper job, where they can earn make income on monthly basis and
where their earning is assured hard for them. In such situations, the people
living there struggle for buying groceries and fulfilling their basic needs.
All they have is greenery that makes the different from that of people living
in cities. People die from small diseases as there are no hospital built and
doctors aren't willing to work in such places.
However,
having said this, rural areas can always start to flourish, to develop and make
lives better there. There is always an opportunity, that ray of sunshine that
needs attention to be worked on. Personally, I see rural areas different from
the urban areas, which actually is and all we need to do is to take an initiative
that rural areas should be the same as they were. However, a better opportunity
for people in order to make their life better and happy is a must.
In
this competitive era of today, we need to make the lives diving in rural areas
better so that they can compete fairly. However, the authenticity and
originality of such places should never be taken away but just needs to be
improved.
5. Write an email to the Senior Manager of your company asking him/her to
approve your two days' leave. Also justify in your email why you need this
leave. [8]
Answer:
To:
[email protected]
Subject: To grant request for a two days
leave.
Dear Madam,
I
beg to state that, I, Miss Krishala Dhakal, working in your company as a
General Manager, could not be able to present at the office for two day's (28th
and 29th April) as I urgently need to visit my hometown for preparing some
important documents.
As
you know, I urgently need to visit my hometown for preparing some important
documents, which is necessary for my family's settlement. I need that to get
loan, for building my house in this city. The bank, from where I am taking
loan, asks the migration certificate. I am from Bajura and it takes me two days
minimum for making such documents. I will join the office on 30 the April.
I
hereby request you to grant me a leave for two days. I promise to catch up, the
tasks and assignments as soon as I return back.
Hoping to receive positive response.
Yours sincerely,
.........................
Krishala
Dhakal
General
Manager,
ABC
Company
6. Write a diary account in detail expressing the most pleasant feeling that
you have had. (NOTE: Do not exceed 300 words). [10]
Answer:
Most Pleasant feeling I have had.
Date: 29th April
Place:
Budhanilkantha, Kathmandy
I am someone who always feels happy when around nature. Nature, the woods, the
rivers, lakes, ponds and literally anything related to natural beauty that
pleases my eyes, pleases my heart and soul. It for the same reason, I guess, I
enjoyed my hike to the Shivapuri National Park a lot. The company of my friends
and the fact that I get to be around nature a little away from this chaotic
city lights made me the happiest.
I was overjoyed just to make plans about the hike a month before with my friends.
And, getting to work on the plan finally had me enjoy the most. I have always
believed that a person gets to learn the most when they travel, and be around
the nature. I myself have realized and felt that I become more positive,
hopeful and optimistic towards life and myself, when been around woods, when
been in silence. Every time I take a hike and walk by myself, my mind becomes cool
and I feel I get nearer to my purpose in life.
The
nature has always taught me to be myself, has always inspired me to do the best
for others in any situation without expecting anything from others and be a
giver for the world. I believe that being a giver always makes us fulfilled,
for, what goes around, comes around as well.
The fact that I get to hear birds chirping all day long instead of the horns of
vehicles running here and there, when been around nature makes me overjoyed
with excitement. The happiest, I have ever been is when I have gotten a chance
to explore, learn and know more. And, I have indeed taken a lot from today's
hike leaving me the happiest I have ever been.
7. Follow the instructions of the parentheses and do likewise: [10×1=10]
i.
Neither the Prime Minister nor the ministers (has) regrets for the party split.
(Use the correct form of the verb given in bracket.)
Answer:
Neither the Prime Minister nor the ministers have regrets for the party
split.
ii.
We study in the same college. We hardly see each other. (Connect the sentences
using 'Despite'.)
Answer:
Despite studying in the same college, we hardly see each other.
iii. She got the idea from the service of Mother Theresa. (Frame a WH Question
so that the words in bold become the answer.)
Answer:
Where does she get the idea from?
iv. England won the World Cup in 1966. My grandparents got married the same
year. (Connect them using the right Relative Pronoun.)
Answer:
England won the World Cup in 1966 when my grandparents got married.
v. I recognized him because I saw him before. (Correct the tense if required.)
Answer:
I recognized him because I had seen him before.
vi. I said to her," Go to school or you will be fined." (Change it
into Indirect Speech.)
Answer:
I warned her to go to school or she would be fined.
vii. If he had not been wearing helmet, he................seriously wounded.
(Use the best type of If Clause.)
Answer:
If he had not been wearing helmet, he would have been seriously wounded.
viii. The participants will be distributed the program schedule sheets. (Change
it into Active Voice.)
Answer:
The Organizer will distribute the program schedule sheets to the
participants.
ix.
One of the ....... was quite indolent. (Choose the right form: student/students)
Answer:
One of the students was quite indolent.
x. I'm looking for (golden/stylish/a/Japanese) watch. (Reframe a sentence
placing the given adjectives in the correct order.)
Answer:
I'm looking for a stylish golden Japanese watch.
8.
Do as instructed: [1×5=5]
a. Try not to..........during my lecture-hour. Choose the right verbal phrase
from the given options:
i.
give away
ii.
doze off
iii.
fall apart
iv.
end up
b. Which among the following is used for the transcription of the underlined
letters in the word 'thought'?
i.
/θ/
ii.
/ɛ/
iii.
/ŋ/
iv.
/ð/
c. Frame a word using 'poly' as a suffix.
Answer:
Monopoly
d. Which one among the following is correctly spelt?
i.
accomodate
ii.
acommodate
iii.
accommodate
iv.
accomodete
e.
How many syllables are there in the word 'autonomy'?
Answer:
There are four syllables in the word 'autonomy'. [/ɔːˈtɒnəmi/]
THE END
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