LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Unit 6. Health and Exercise
You May Scoff…
Ways with words
A. Ten words in the bold face in the text correspond to the
definitions below. Match the definitions with the corresponding words.
a. in spite of what has just been said or referred to: nevertheless
b. a strong desire or impulse: urge
c. the ability to continue trying to do something,
although it is very difficult: determination
d. to attract attention to or emphasize something
important: highlight
e. arguing about things that are not important: bickering
f. not having things or conditions that are usually
considered necessary: deprivation
g. continue to exist: persist
h. soft loose flesh on a person's body: flab
i. to improve or increase something: boost
j. a limiting condition on something: restriction
Now, make sentences of your own using the same words in bold
type.
i.
Nevertheless,
we are far from our targeted levels of performance.
ii.
The urge to
defend innocent victims reflects humanity at its best.
iii.
The
justices left the determination of good faith to state courts.
iv.
It's
difficult to see highlight in a sentence .
v.
They
ought to do away with some of the childish bickering.
vi.
But
some sleep deprivation problems are the individual's fault.
vii.
The
racial gap persists within every category of risk we assessed,
viii.
These
models, more flab than muscle, are much less desirable as
collectibles:
ix.
Ford
received a boost from its long-troubled European operations.
x.
In
November, the Council loosened some of the original restrictions.
B. The words ‘restriction’ and ‘awareness’ are nouns with the
suffixes ‘-ion’ and ‘-ness’. Make a list of as many words as you can which end
in ‘-ion’ and ‘-ness’. Make a list of as many words as you can which end in
‘-ion’ and ‘ness.
|
'-ion' |
'-ness' |
|
question |
awareness |
|
partition |
badness |
|
caution |
darkness |
|
substitution |
goodness |
|
position |
greatness |
|
function |
happiness |
|
pollution |
kindness |
|
solution |
politeness |
|
invention |
rudeness |
|
evolution |
usefulness |
|
sanction |
weakness |
|
mention |
witness |
C. Pronounce the words. The sound of the letter given on the
left is silent.
a. b : climb, dumb, doubt, comb, thumb,
debt, lamb
b. d : Wednesday, handsome, sandwich,
handkerchief
c. h : hour, honest, honour, heir,
ghost, ghee, exhaust, exhibition
d. k : know, knee, knowledge, knit,
knife
e. n : column, autumn, condemn, hymn,
damn
f. p : receipt, cupboard, pneumonia,
psychology
Comprehension
A. Write whether the following statements are True, False or Not
Given.
a. During the holidays people eat and drink more than
usual. True
b. Getting too little exercise and eating too much is the reason why
people put on weight. True
c. David Allison’s research involved studying rats under laboratory
conditions. False
d. You may need to go shopping for clothes if you come down with a
cold. True
e. Adenovirus-36 (AD-36) decreases the percentage of fat in the fat
cells. False
f. Vaccination against infections could be used in the future to
prevent obesity. True
g. People under severe stress can experience breathing difficulties. False
h. A study indicates that mice that have never been on a diet choose
fatty food, when given a choice between high-calorie or low-calorie food products. False
i. Rajita Sinha has been studying the connection between brain activity
and behaviour. False
j. Specific hormones regulate our appetite. Not
Given
B. Answer the following questions.
a. In what sense are the holidays a time of excess? When
can a person gain weight?
The holidays are a time of excess as people eat, drink
and be merry more than usual. When the people overeat and under exercises then
weight will gain.
b. According to David Allison, which factor contributes to excess obesity?
According to David Allison, the factors overeat and
under exercises contribute to excess obesity.
c. What, according to Dhurandhar, can be the way of
preventing fatness?
According to Dhurandhar, vaccination against
infections can be the way of preventing fatness.
d. What is the relationship between chill and obesity?
How can saying ‘om’ help reduce fatness?
Chillness burns calories and decrease obesity. Saying
‘Om’ helps reduce fatness by taking control over the urges and stress-related
eating of high-calorie food.
e. Why is it necessary to be careful while buying plastic packaged fatty
foods?
It is necessary to be careful while buying plastic
packaged fatty foods due to endocrine disrupter chemicals that increase the
obesity.
f. Why does Nelson suggest avoiding blue wavelengths of light at night?
Nelson suggests avoiding blue wavelengths of light at
night because such disruptive to the circadian system disturb our consistent
pattern of weight.
g. How does breathing polluted air affect one’s fatness?
Breathing polluted air affects one’s fatness because it
activates inflammation and disrupts the body’s ability to burn energy.
h. What is the link between sleep and weight?
The link between sleep and weight is connected with
obesity because less sleep means more time to eat which increase our obesity.
Critical thinking
a. What do you do to keep yourself fit? What food do you avoid
and why?
Living a healthy life is
a goal shared by many, but often, busy schedules and convenience lead people to
neglect their well-being. However, I firmly believe in the adage, 'Where
there's a will, there's a way,' and I have made it a priority to adopt healthy
habits that contribute to my physical and mental fitness.
Each morning, I indulge
in brisk walking in the serene countryside, relishing the fresh air and natural
surroundings. Engaging in physical activities like games and sports adds an
element of joy and fun to my daily routine, making it easier to adhere to an
active lifestyle.
Nourishing my body with
the right nutrients is essential to me. I ensure that my meals are balanced,
incorporating all the necessary vitamins, minerals, and proteins required for
optimal functioning. This conscious effort fuels my energy levels and keeps me
vibrant throughout the day.
Moreover, I have
ingrained the habit of maintaining a consistent sleep schedule - 'early to bed
and early to rise.' This discipline ensures that my body gets adequate rest,
promoting better physical and mental health.
A key aspect of my
healthy lifestyle is my unwavering commitment to avoiding junk foods
completely. Despite their easy availability and immediate gratification, I am
fully aware of the detrimental effects of such foods on my well-being. Junk
foods often replace more nutritious options, leading to deficiencies in vital
nutrients. The unhealthy fats present in junk food can trigger the brain's
cravings for more food, leading to overeating and hampering digestion. These
unhealthy eating habits are directly associated with an increased risk of
obesity, heart diseases, and high blood pressure.
By steering clear of
junk food, I maintain control over my diet and prioritize nourishment over
momentary pleasure. I understand the long-term impact of such choices and strive
to maintain a balanced and wholesome diet.
In conclusion, my
commitment to healthy habits stems from my firm belief in their significance
for a fulfilling and rewarding life. By dedicating time to physical activities,
consuming nutritious meals, and shunning junk foods, I strive to strike a
harmonious balance between my hectic schedule and my well-being. Ultimately,
investing in my health today ensures a more vibrant and fulfilling future.
b. Healthy citizens are the greatest asset of a country. What can
a state do to keep her citizen healthy?
Investing in the health
of its citizens is undoubtedly the most profitable and valuable investment a
nation can make. The prosperity and growth of a country are intricately tied to
the physical and mental well-being of its people. While an educated and skilled
workforce is crucial for economic development, good health plays an equally
vital role in ensuring the productivity and success of a nation.
A nation's greatest
natural wealth lies in its people, and their health and welfare directly impact
its ability to thrive and compete in the global economy. A healthy population
lives longer, has a higher quality of life, and is more productive, thereby
contributing significantly to economic progress.
Countries that neglect
to prioritize the health of their citizens often suffer from poor growth rates
and face obstacles in their journey towards success. To achieve rapid progress
and climb the ladder of success, a nation's people must be in optimal health. A
robust and accessible healthcare system is essential, ensuring that quality
medical services are not a luxury but a fundamental right for all citizens.
Both the state and
individuals share the responsibility of ensuring the health of the nation.
While individuals should take care of their well-being through healthy
lifestyles and practices, the government plays a crucial role in promoting
public health. The government's efforts should encompass various aspects,
including providing access to nutritious food, establishing a reliable local
public health infrastructure, and promoting healthy communities and behaviors.
Preventing the spread of
communicable diseases and protecting people from environmental health hazards
are imperative tasks for the government. It should also strive to ensure that
healthcare services are easily accessible, even in remote areas of the country.
The establishment of health centers and hospitals in underserved regions will
guarantee that all citizens have access to essential medical care.
In conclusion, investing
in the health of the citizens is the foundation of a prosperous and thriving
nation. A robust healthcare system not only ensures the well-being of
individuals and families but also fosters economic growth and global competitiveness.
By prioritizing public health and making it accessible to all, a nation can
build a strong, resilient, and prosperous society that can flourish in the face
of challenges and opportunities.
Writing
a. Yoga can be good to stay physically and mentally healthy. Do
you practise any yoga? Write an essay on the benefits of yoga.
The term 'Yoga' derives
from the Sanskrit root 'Yuj,' which means to unite. Thus, yoga is the
harmonious integration of mind, spirit, and body. Recognizing its significance,
the United Nations declared June 21 as 'International Yoga Day.' This ancient
practice encompasses a series of physical and mental exercises, enhancing
overall well-being.
At the physical level,
yoga involves various postures, or asanas, aimed at maintaining a healthy body.
These postures increase flexibility and muscle strength, contribute to weight
loss, stabilize blood pressure, and reduce the risk of heart diseases. Yoga
also stimulates metabolism and boosts immunity, promoting overall physical health
and vitality.
Mentally, yoga employs
breathing exercises and meditation to discipline the mind and enhance mental
clarity. Regular yoga practice leads to increased mental energy, alertness, and
enthusiasm. It fosters focus and concentration, benefiting cognitive functions
and decision-making abilities. The practice of yoga serves as an effective tool
for stress reduction, helping individuals manage tension and achieve emotional
balance.
Beyond individual
well-being, yoga offers social benefits by creating a sense of community and
support. Participating in yoga classes connects individuals with like-minded
practitioners, reducing feelings of loneliness and fostering a supportive
environment. This sense of connection is vital for mental and emotional development,
providing a space for shared experiences and mutual growth.
Yoga's history and
traditions span millennia, making it one of the most valuable body exercises in
the world. Today, it has become a lifestyle for millions of people worldwide,
impacting their lives profoundly. Daily yoga practice not only improves
physical strength but also promotes mental peace and a sense of inner harmony.
Moreover, yoga's
holistic approach unites the physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions of an
individual, promoting a balanced and fulfilling life. It empowers individuals
to discover their inner potential and cultivate a deeper connection with
themselves and the world around them.
In conclusion, yoga
stands as a profound and timeless practice that unites the body and mind,
offering a path to physical health, mental clarity, and emotional well-being.
Its global recognition as 'International Yoga Day' underscores its universal
significance and its potential to transform lives for the better. Embracing
yoga as a way of life allows individuals to find harmony, peace, and a deeper
sense of purpose, leading to a happier and more fulfilling existence.
b. How can a person be mentally healthy? Provide about ten tips
to a person to stay mentally fresh and healthy.
Maintaining
mental health is vital for overall well-being. To stay mentally healthy,
prioritize self-care, engage in activities that bring joy, and foster social
connections. Practice mindfulness and manage stress through relaxation
techniques. Get sufficient quality sleep and maintain a balanced diet. Limit
screen time and seek professional support if needed. Cultivate self-compassion
and avoid excessive self-criticism. Remember that mental health is an ongoing
journey, and small steps taken consistently can make a significant difference
in maintaining mental well-being. Maintaining mental health is essential for
overall well-being and a fulfilling life. Here are ten tips to help a person
stay mentally fresh and healthy:
a.
Practice Mindfulness: Engage in mindfulness techniques like meditation and deep
breathing to stay present and reduce stress. Mindfulness helps you manage
negative thoughts and fosters a positive mindset.
b.
Exercise Regularly: Physical activity releases endorphins, the
"feel-good" hormones, which can boost mood and reduce anxiety and
depression. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week.
c.
Get Quality Sleep: Prioritize a consistent sleep schedule and ensure you get
enough restful sleep each night. Sleep is crucial for mental and emotional
rejuvenation.
d.
Connect with Others: Social connections are vital for mental health. Maintain
relationships with friends and family, and seek support when needed. Engage in
activities that bring you joy with others.
e.
Limit Screen Time: Reduce excessive screen time, especially on social media.
Excessive use of technology can lead to feelings of isolation and negative
self-comparisons.
f.
Cultivate Hobbies: Pursue hobbies and interests that bring you pleasure and a
sense of accomplishment. Engaging in creative activities can boost self-esteem
and reduce stress.
g.
Eat a Balanced Diet: Nourish your body and mind with a balanced diet rich in
fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid excessive
consumption of sugary and processed foods.
h.
Manage Stress: Identify stressors in your life and develop healthy coping
strategies. Activities like journaling, yoga, or spending time in nature can
help manage stress effectively.
i.
Practice Self-Compassion: Be kind to yourself and avoid self-criticism. Treat
yourself with the same compassion you would offer a friend.
j.
Seek Professional Help: If you're struggling with your mental health, don't
hesitate to seek professional support from a counselor or therapist. It's
essential to reach out for help when needed.
Remember
that mental health is an ongoing process, and it's okay to have ups and downs.
Prioritizing self-care, engaging in positive activities, and seeking support
when necessary can contribute to maintaining mental freshness and well-being.
Best of Luck
Extra Question
Read the
PASSAGE and answer the questions. [15]
The old man couldn’t remember how many generations of lotuses had bloomed and faded in the pond since he was born. What Prodip Pal did remember, however, was that he had once been a prosperous farmer. He had owned ad many as six granaries full of rice and eight acres of fertile land. He had been able to provide for the future of his sons and give his daughters generous dowries to get them good husbands. For himself and his wife in their old age, he had kept a small piece of land. “The pair of us should be able to live there in peace, “he had promised her “until the day when Yama, god of death, comes to claim us.”
The old man had been wrong in his expectations. That plot of ground had been given to his father years ago by a zamindar. One day the zamindar’s son laid claim to land. Prodip pal refused to return it; the matter came before the courts. But the young zamindar had bought the judge and the farmer had to abandon his land and his house.
Further terrible trials lay in store for Prodip pal and his family. Their legal fights with the zamindar had left them with only half and acre of good land, which could not produce enough crops to feed the family. When they ran out of rice, they survived on the fruits from the three coconut trees and on the vegetables from the high ground that required very little irrigation. There was also the fruit from the jack fruit tree. The pals were thus able to survive for two years.
During the third year, however, disaster struck once more. A parasite destroyed the entire field of rice. To overcome this catastrophe, the father set out on the path that led to the only brick house in the village.
Nearly all the inhabitants of Bankuli had been compelled at some time or other to call on the mahajan. He was the key person in the village. He was its banker, its money lender, its pawnbroker and, very often, its vampire. By mortgaging the family field Prodip obtained a loan of four hundred pounds of rice on condition that he would return six hundred pounds after the harvest.
By this time poverty had really begun to strangle the pals. Bad weather added to their plight. One night in April, a storm brought down all the mangoes and coconuts. Consequently they had to sell the buffalo and Rani, the cow. Rani obviously did not want to leave. She strained at her rope with all her night uttering the most heart-rending bellows. No one cold fail to read in her reaction a bad omen, a sign that Radha, beloved of cowherd go d Krishna, was angry.
1. Answer the following questions:
a) How can you say that he had once been a prosperous farmer?
b) How did Prodip Pal lose his legal fight?
c) How did the Pal’s family survive when there was not enough food?
d) How had he supposed to pass the rest of his life?
e) How has the author described the Mahajan?
f) How was the reaction of the cow when she was sold?
g) What couldn’t the old man remember?
h) What destroyed the entire field of rice?
i) What did the zamindar’s son claim with Prodip Pal?
j) What did Zamindar’s son do?
k) What do you mean by ‘mortgaging ‘?
l) What was the bad sign?
m) Who had given the land to whom?
n) Who is Rani?
o) Who is Yama?
p) Who won the case and how?
q) Why did Prodip pal mortgage his family field?
r) Why did Prodip sell the buffalo and the cow?
s) Why weren’t Pal’s expectations fulfilled?
2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false for the following statements:
a) A parasite brought a disaster to the pals.
b) Coconut trees, vegetables and jackfruit trees had become the source of his living.
c) He wanted to make his children’s future bright.
d) His land had been given to his father years ago by a zamindar.
e) His wife has died.
f) Once he had several granaries full of corn.
g) Prodip pal had always been a poor farmer.
h) Prodip pal had been a prosperous farmer.
i) Prodip Pal had only a brick house in the village.
j) Prodip pal is not rich now.
k) Prodip Pal was ready to return the piece of land.
l) Prodip pal was rich.
m) The farmer lost everything because of the judge.
n) The judge gave the decision on pal’s behalf.
o) The mahajan was a great exploiter.
p) The plot of ground had been given to his father before.
3. Find out the similar words from the above passage of the following words:
a) as a result
b) conquer/defeat
c) dear
d) denied
e) flowered
f) forced
g) give up
h) give word
i) got
j) grow
k) hopes
l) horrible
m) kind
n) lived on
o) needed
p) possessed
q) product
r) pulled hard
s) recall
t) resident
u) ruined
v) successful
w) visit
x) whole
y) withered
4. Find the words or phrases in the poem that are opposite to the following words:
a) accepted
b) beautiful
c) destroy
d) died
e) faded
f) god
g) illegal
h) lost
i) mean
j) prosperity
5. Rewrite the following
sentence in the correct order:
A. Rewrite the
following sentence in the correct order:
a) Pal didn’t know that the land was given by a zamindar.
b) Pal was the son of a prosperous farmer.
c) zamindar‘s son put claim on the land.
d) He expected to spare his wealth for different purposes.
B. Rewrite the
following sentence in the correct order:
a) They lived on their coconut fruits and jack fruits for tow years.
b) A parasite destroyed the whole crops in their paddy fields.
c) The legal fights with the zamindar impoverished the pal family.
d) Their land could not produce enough crops to feed the family.
C. Rewrite the
following sentence in the correct order:
a) Prodip pal was also compelled to obtain a loan from him.
b) The cow produced loud deep noises.
c) Almost all people of Bankuli had to call on the mahajan.
d) A storm brought down all the fruits.
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