Compulsory
English
Grade:
XII
Time
:3 hrs.
F.M.:
75
Candidates are required to give answers in their own words as far as
practicable. The figure in the margin indicates full marks.
Attempt ALL the questions:
1. Read the
following passage and do the activities that follow.
The Lack of
Sleep
Section A
It is estimated
that the average man or woman needs between seven-and-a-half and eight hours'
sleep a night. Some can manage on a lot less. Baroness Thatcher, for example,
was reported to be able to get by on four hours' sleep a night when she was
Prime Minister of Britain. Dr Jill Wilkinson, senior lecturer in psychology at
Surrey University and co-author of 'Psychology in Counselling and Therapeutic
Practice', states that healthy individuals sleeping less than five hours or
even as little as two hours in every 24 hours are rare, but represent a
sizeable minority.
Section B
The latest
beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest and
replenish, allowing time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be
regenerated. One supporting piece of evidence for this rest-and-repair theory
is that production of the growth hormone somatotropin, which helps tissue to
regenerate, peaks while we are asleep. Lack of sleep, however, can compromise
the immune system, muddle thinking, cause depression, promote anxiety and
encourage irritability.
Section C
Researchers in
San Diego deprived a group of men of sleep between Sam and lam on just one
night, and found that levels of their bodies' natural defences against viral
infections had fallen significantly when measured the following morning. 'Sleep
is essential for our physical and emotional well-being and there are few
aspects of daily living that are not disrupted by the lack of it', says Professor
William Regelson of Virginia University, a specialist in insomnia. 'Because it
can seriously undermine the functioning of the immune system, sufferers are
vulnerable to infection.'
Section D
For many people,
lack of sleep is rarely a matter of choice. Some have problems getting to
sleep, others with staying asleep until the morning. Despite popular belief
that sleep is one long event, research shows that, in an average night, there
are five stages of sleep and four cycles, during which the sequence of stages
is repeated.
In the first
light phase, the heart rate and blood pressure go down and the muscles relax.
In the next two stages, sleep gets progressively deeper. In stage four, usually
reached after an hour, the slumber is so deep that, if awoken, the sleeper
would be confused and disorientated. It is in this phase that sleep-walking can
occur, with an average episode lasting no more than 15 minutes.
In the fifth
stage, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the heartbeat quickly gets back to
normal levels, brain activity accelerates to daytime heights and above and the
eyes move constantly beneath closed lids as if the sleeper is looking at
something. During this stage, the body is almost paralysed. This REM phase is
also the time when we dream.
Section E
Sleeping
patterns change with age, which is why many people over 60 develop insomnia. In
America, that age group consumes almost half the sleep medication on the
market. One theory for the age-related change is that it is due to hormonal
changes. The temperature rise occurs at daybreak in the young, but at three or
four in the morning in the elderly. Age aside, it is estimated that roughly one
in three people suffer some kind of sleep disturbance. Causes can be anything
from pregnancy and stress to alcohol and heart disease. Smoking is a known
handicap to sleep, with one survey showing that ex-smokers got to sleep in 18
minutes rather than their earlier average of 52 minutes.
Section F
Apart from
self-help therapy such as regular exercise, there are psychological treatments,
including relaxation training and therapy aimed at getting rid of pre-sleep
worries and anxieties. There is also sleep reduction therapy, where the aim is
to improve sleep quality by strictly regulating the time people go to bed and
when they get up. Medication is regarded by many as a last resort and often
takes the form of sleeping pills, normally benzodiazepines, which are minor
tranquillizers.
Section G
Professor
Regelson advocates the use of melatonin for treating sleep disorders. Melatonin
is a naturally secreted hormone, located in the pineal gland deep inside the
brain. The main function of the hormone is to control the body's biological
clock, so we know when to sleep and when to wake. The gland detects light
reaching it through the eye; when there is no light, it secretes the melatonin
into the bloodstream, lowering the body temperature and helping to induce
sleep. Melatonin pills contain a synthetic version of the hormone and are
commonly used for jet lag as well as for sleep disturbance. John Nicholls,
sales manager of one of America's largest health food shops, claims that sales
of the pill have increased dramatically. He explains that it is sold in
capsules, tablets, lozenges and mixed with herbs. It is not effective for all
insomniacs, but many users have weaned themselves off sleeping tablets as a
result of its application.
A. Write 'True'
for correct and 'False' for incorrect information given below. [5X1-5]
a. Sleep can
cure some illnesses. True
b. The various
stages of sleep occur more than once a night. True
c. Dreaming and
sleep-walking occur at similar stages of sleep. False
d. Sleepers move
around a lot during the REM stage of sleep. False
e. The body
temperature rises relatively early in elderly people. True
B. Match the
following sections given in the column A with the information they contain
given in the column B: [5x1-5]
Column (A) Column (B)
(Section)
(Information)
a) A the
different amounts of sleep that people require
b) B a
process by which sleep helps us to remain mentally and physically healthy
c) C
an
investigation into the results of sleep deprivation
d) E
some
reasons why people may suffer from sleep disorders
e) F
lifestyle
changes which can help overcome sleep-related problems
C. Answer the
following questions. [5x1=5]
i) What is the
latest finding about the main objective of adequate sleep?
The latest finding about the main objective of adequate sleep is to enable
the body to rest and replenish, allowing time for repairs to take place and for
tissue to be regenerated.
ii) How does the
sleeper get confused or disoriented?
The slumber is so deep that if awoken
the sleeper gets confused or disoriented.
iii) What are
the possible causes of sleep disturbance?
The possible causes of sleep disturbance
are muddle thinking, depression, tensions and others.
iv) What is the
main purpose of sleep reduction therapy?
The main purpose of sleep reduction
therapy is to get rid of pre-sleep worries and anxieties, and to improve sleep
quality by strictly regulating the time people go to bed and when they get up.
v) How does
melatonin help to induce sleep?
Melatonin helps to induce sleep by
controlling the body's biological clock.
2. Write short
answers to the following questions. [5x2=10]
a. Why did the
young man begin to weep at the end of the story? (Neighbours)
The young man begin to weep at the end
of the story because he never thought that he will get kind hearted and helping
people as his neighbours. He was emotionally touched by the way their
neighbours treated him and his wife as their own family members. Their
neighbours use to help them and give advises as well as gift to them. And while
his wife was pregnant their neighbours were very much happy as if it is their
own child and the behaviour of neighbour towards him and his wife made him
emotionally connected and he cried because it was an emotional part where they
get neighbours like their family.
b. Why and how
did Mrs. Baroda try to change Gouvernail's solitary habits? (A Respectable
Woman)
Mrs. Baroda tries to change Gouvernail's
solitary habits as she was attracted towards him and she also wanted to impress
him. She also tried to change Gouvernail's solitary habits trying to have
conversation with him going near to him and trying to impress him.
Thus, Mrs.
Baroda was attracted towards Gouvernail. So tries her way so that Gouvernail
also develop same kinds of attraction or feelings towards her.
c. What does the
line "The hills untied their bonnets' mean? (A Day)
The hills untied their bonnets means
when the sun rises its rays makes everything bright and the hills get bright
and beautiful. When the sun rises, the hills untied their bonnets which means
the rays of sunlight makes hills more beautiful and bright. The hills seem more
beautiful with the help of the rays of the sunlight. Thus, the hills untied
their bonnets when sun rises.
d. How does the
rhyme scheme of the poem reinforce its message? (Every Morning I Wake)
The rhyme pattern used throughout the
poem is AABB. There's an organised structure to this poem's rhymes, due to
the usage of AABB rhyme scheme. In the eyes of God, the speaker is a helpless
child. It conveys a childlike quality due to its austere design. Every
second line of every verse rhymes with the previous one. Such rhymes have the
effect of making a song more enjoyable to listen to. In order to make a pure
plea to God, most prayer poems use this rhyme pattern. Line 1 rhymes with line
1 in the AABB rhyming scheme, while line 3 rhymes with line 4 in the same
scheme.
e. Why did the
students ignore the bookshelves in the 1990's? (On Libraries)
The students ignored the bookshelves in
the 90s because they had electronic gadgets and devices from where they could
access the PDF and electronic forms of their books. They ignore the bookshelves
in the 1990's as the books were all computerized then. They prefer rather
simple books that provide them excess knowledge in computerized books.
3. Write long answers
to the following questions. [2x5-10]
a. Interpret the
poem A Day' on your own words?
Emily Dickinson describes a beautiful
day that leads children from innocence to experience. This describes the rising
of the sun, what happens after it rises, and what happens after the sun sets. A
thin ribbon of light descends from above the steeple, altering its hue from
blue to purple. Upon hearing of the sun rising, the news spreads or the light
rays travel like the squirrels running to get away.
Sunlight reveals
the black hills and a bobolink, a tiny American bird, sings in the lovely
morning. When the sun shines, it makes everything and everyone happy and
comfortable. In order to ensure that the sun will rise with lovely and
wonderful rays, the speaker speaks to himself. Sunrise is confirmed by
magnificent scenery, pristine hills, and the singing of the bobolink.
The speaker
lacks confidence in his description of the sunset. When the sun goes down, the
sky begins to purr, and it continues to purr until the sky is totally black.
There is a golden tint to the boys and girls as they return to their refuge.
The grey-suited caretaker/father waits for the children to return. He opens the
gate and allows the youngsters in, allowing additional flocks to enter their home.
b. Why does Mrs.
Baroda not disclose her feelings towards Gouvernail to her husband? Explain. (A
Respectable Woman)
Being a respectable woman, she has to
protect her pride of being a woman. The primary topics of Kate Chopin's
short story "A Respectable Woman" are identity and desire vs.
discipline, both of which are explored. The topic of identity is further
developed via the use of themes such as perception and appearances since the
plot tends to follow the protagonist's opinions of herself and Gouvernail
throughout the story. The feeling of being a respectable woman controls her
urges and feelings for him.
This is because
Mrs. Baroda does not want to deviate from being a respectable woman. Being
respectable means living according to social norms or living our lives without
regret. That is why she does not disclose her feelings with his husband even.
4. Study the bar
graph given below and write an interpretation of it in about 150 words.
Monthly expenditure of A, B and C family
Above bar graph
shows the monthly expenses of A, B and C Family. It shows the expenditure of
these three families on housing, fooding, clothing, entertainment and saving.
Family A spends
14000 and Family B spends 11000 and Family C spends more than Family A and B in
housing. The Family C spends more money in housing than two other families.
Family A spends less than 15000 in fooding as well as Family B spends 10000 and
Family C spends more amounts on fooding. Family C spends more amount of money
in fooding comparing to A and B Family. Family A monthly expenses of clothing
is more than 5000 where Family B spensds is 5000 only and Family C spends more
amount in clothing also. As comparing there is always high monthly expense of
Family C in housing, fooding and clothing. They spend more amounts in anything.
In case of entertainment Family C monthly expenses is more than A and B Family.
They spend more
than 10,000 in entertainment. A monthly expense is always high of Family C as
comparing to other family. The monthly saving of Family A is about 19,000 where
Family B is more than 15,000 and Family C is always like high about more than
25,000. The monthly expense of Family C is always high but the saving amount is
also high.
The monthly
expense of Family C has more but the saving is also more than other two
families. Family B has less saving than other families.
5. Write a
letter to your friend explaining an interesting class you had. [8]
Sotipasal-3,
Lamjung
04th Oct. 2021
Dear friend,
By the grace of
god I'm fine here and hope you also fine there. Last time, you asked me to tell
about interesting class I had now. I am going to tell you about interesting
class I had.
I think it was a
time of lock down where our online classes were held. One day there was
motivational class conducted by college. Dr. Tara Raut gave us motivational
lecture. He told us to be patience in your life. Patience is the most important
things in our life. He told us without discipline and patience we could not do
anything. We have to work hard to get success in our journey of life. He gave
lecture to us; he motivated us to be patience in our life. I thought it was an
amazing class ever I had attend. His speaking way is also different. He told us
never feel looser. You are always winner. The way he motivated us was amazing.
That motivational class was amazing to me.
My interesting
class I had ever attended was that motivational class. Now I want to stop my
writing. I will tell other thing when we meet.
Yours,
Sarah
6. Write a
review of a book you have read recently. [10]
Jiwan Kada Ki
Phool
by Jhamak Kumari
Ghimire
Jiwan Kada ki
Phool is such an inspiring story I have read till the time. The book is all
about Jhamak Kumari Ghimire whose life was full of struggle that really
inspires the inner soul of each person if they heartily feel her. She's a
physically disabled person but mentally stronger in my views. The times she has
suffered and didn't give up really touched everyone's heart. The book is all
about such life incidents with struggles up to huge achievement of Jhamak
Kumari.
We can get there
to learn about her from her childhood till the life she is living. The hatred
she used to get from family and neighbours were really disgusting. They used to
blame her for as sinner. But her grandmother was the one whom she was loved but
she couldn't experience that love from her grandmother for longer time as the
grandmother died earlier. She felt like there is no one to help her in this
world but however she never gave up. She was deprived of the study from her own
father that she could do nothing. Her father used to teach her sister and if she
comes near to them, they used to scold her. Jhamak was fond of reading. She
used to write in the old copies and in the mud with piece of stones whenever
the family members went out.
She learnt to
read and write. She writes with her leg which inspires us that we can do
anything if we want. She used to do her every works herself. She used to fill
ink in the pen, make her bed herself, eats herself and so on. She can do everything
herself till the date the time she used to be unable do her works herself. As
the time passed, she improved lots herself. She did the things that weren't
possible proves that no one or nothing can stop you from works you willing to
do. The book includes incidents which
indicate that she shouldn't live but she compels to live in such cruel world,
was meanly dominated her disability but she even proved that the disability
won't stop your goal.
After reading
the book Jiwan Kada Ki Phool', what exactly comes in my mind is someone who is
physically disable can do that much, then why can't we? Disability doesn't mean
anything but what mean even if we heartily wants to achieve something, then we
can. The achievements she had is outstanding. The book dearly states that life
is full of struggles but changing life into thorn or flower depends only upon you.
Nothing is important for you; just you are everything for you. The book
portrays the life of Ghimire. The book is inspiring so much.
7. Do as
indicated or choose appropriate option from the bracket and rewrite the
sentences. [10×1=10]
a. The village was being destroyed by
them. (Change into active)
They were
destroying the village.
b. He says, "I am busy but I will
come to see you there." (Change into indirect)
He says
that he is busy but he will come to see me there.
c. The policeman is standing.........
the corner. (Write appropriate preposition)
The
policeman is standing at the corner.
d. Someone is using my car, .......?
(Write question tag)
Someone is
using my car, aren't they?
e. The young....... joining the party.
(is/are/has/have)
The young are
joining the party.
f. I have had my article......in the
newspaper. (to publish/publishes/published/publishing)
I have had
my article published in the newspaper.
g. Magnet distracts if two same
poles........together. (had joined/joins/are joined /were joined)
Magnet
distracts if two same poles are joined together.
h. My parents never scold me ... (nor do
mine/neither mine does/so don't mine/mine don't do)
My parents
never scold me nor do mine.
i. He blamed that the culprits were
........... (you and I/me and you/you and me/l and you)
He blamed
that the culprits were you and me.
j. I hope you will submit your homework
tomorrow, ........ (write question tag)
I hope you will submit your homework
tomorrow, won't you?
8. Do as
instructed. [5x1=5]
a. Using the
given suffixes, make a word of each
i-able ii.-ion
b. Define
critical thinking in one sentence.
c. The word
'emancipate' has it's closest meaning to:
i. bind ii. enslave iii. discharge iv.
fetter
d. The antonym
of 'precept' is:
i, anarchy ii. canon iii. decree iv.
injunction
e. Find a pair
of homophones from the following:
i. dough/dog ii. cat/caught iii.
cache/catch iv. weigh/way
Answer:
a. Using the
given suffixes, make a word of each
i-able suitable
ii.-ion education
b. Define
critical thinking in one sentence.
Critical thinking is the intellectually
disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying,
analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or
generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication,
as a guide to belief and action.
c. The word
'emancipate' has it's closest meaning to:
discharge
d. The antonym
of 'precept' is:
anarchy
e. Find a pair
of homophones from the following:
weigh/way
All the Best
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