LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Unit 9. Democracy and Human Rights
Inauguration Speech of Nelson Mandela
Ways with words
A.
Find the words in the text that mean the same as the following. The first
letters are given.
a. the system that completely separated black people
from white people (a......) apartheid
b. formal objection (p.........) protest
c. an ethnical group of people (t........) tribe
d. an act undertaken to achieve a set goal (c
.........) campaign
e. the formal beginning of any movement (i ........) inauguration
f. a strong feeling of excitement and happiness (e
..........) exhilaration
g. being set free from legal, social, or political
restrictions (e..........) emancipation
B.
Find these words in a dictionary and write their meanings as they are used in
the text.
a. liberty : freedom to live as you choose without too many
limits from government or authority
b. conflict : a situation in which people, groups or countries
disagree strongly
c. ideology : a set of beliefs that an economic or political
system is based on
d. oppression : cruel and unfair treatment of
people, especially by not giving them the same freedom, rights, etc. as other
people
e. privilege : a special right or advantage that a particular
person or group of people has
f. dignity : a calm and serious manner that deserves respect
g. surrender : to admit that you have been defeated and want to stop
fighting; to allow yourself to be caught, taken prisoner, etc.
h.
reconciliation : an end to a disagreement or
conflict with somebody and the start of a good relationship again
C.
The 'd' or 'ed' in the following verbs have different pronunciation. Put these
verbs in the correct box.
asked, killed, missed, ended, decided, washed,
visited, lasted, watched, picked, smiled, fixed, walked, blessed, brushed, stopped,
wanted, reached, laughed, enjoyed
|
/t/ |
/d/ |
/ɪd/ |
|
asked, missed, washed, watched, picked, fixed, walked, blessed (v), brushed, stopped, reached, laughed |
killed, smiled |
ended, decided, visited, lasted, blessed (adj),
wanted, enjoyed |
D.
Put these nouns into the correct box according to the pronunciation of the
plural suffix: s/es.
cats, dogs, horses, houses, books, roofs, boys,
rooms, girls, noises, shops, trees, pages, babies, benches, classes
|
/s/ |
/z/ |
/ɪz/ |
|
cats, books, roofs, shops |
dogs, boys, rooms, girls, trees, |
horses, houses, noises, pages, babies, benches,
classes |
Comprehension
Answer
these questions.
a. What were the restrictions imposed on the Blacks
in South Africa?
Racial segregation, political and economic
discrimination were the restrictions imposed on the Blacks in South Africa.
b. Why was Mandela arrested?
Mandela was arrested due to the involvement in an
armed wing of the ANC.
c. How did he describe racism and racial oppression?
He described racism and racial oppression as the
pernicious ideology and practice.
d. Why did he thank all the international guests?
He thanked all the international guests for supporting
their achieved liberty.
e. Why did he think that people in his country had
achieved political emancipation?
He thought that people in his country had achieved
political emancipation because they held their first democratic election.
e. What is the main point of Mandela's speech?
The main point of Mandela’s speech is to establish
democracy for everyone.
Critical thinking
a.
What does Mandela mean when he says - a rainbow nation at peace with itself and
the world?
b.
Mandela should have avenged on those who imprisoned him for such a long period.
Instead, he followed the path of reconciliation. Why do you think he did so?
c.
Why and how have societies struggled with segregation in the world? Do you find
any evidence of segregation in your society? Discuss.
Writing
a.
Nepal has topsy-turvy political history. Many changes have been observed in
different times. Write a short biography of any Nepali freedom fighter
incorporating the changes brought under his/her leadership.
b. Do you think
there is racial/caste related discrimination in our country? Discuss with your
friend; write a five-minute speech.
Extra Question
Read the
PASSAGE and answer the questions. [15]
Computers have become a part of modern life. Today’s school children carry around calculating power which would have filled a large room 40 years ago. Computer scientists are now working on the next generation of computers, ones which will have true intelligence. What are the parts of f a computer? The word ‘hardware’ refers to the physical parts of a computer. The main parts are the monitor, the key-board, the mouse and the CPU for central processing unit, which contains the hard disk. The monitor is also known as the screen or VDU (Visual Display Unit). It looks like a television screen and displays what we do on the computer. It comes in different sizes.
The actual computer, i.e. the part that performs tasks we ask it to do is in a unit holding the CPU, memory and hard and floppy disks. It comes in a rectangular box. CPU stands for central processing unit. This could be called the brain of a computer. It performs calculation and manipulates data. The keyboard functions like a typewriter. The computer is given commands by typing them on the keyboard,. Information is then displayed on the monitor.
The mouse is a hand-held pointing device. By moving the mouse around on a flat surface, a pointer or arrow on the monitor will make corresponding movements. By clicking, holding and dragging with the mouse various things can be done on the monitor. The hard disk is a fixed device for permanent storage which stays within the computer. A hard disk is capable of holding tremendous amounts of information, yet it is only a few inches in width and length. A computer also has a floppy disk drive. It is a slot for the insertion of portable disks also known as floppy disks.
1. Answer the following questions:
a) How big is the hard disk?
b) How does the keyboard function?
c) Is a hard disk larger than a floppy disk?
d) What contains the hard disk of a computer?
e) What do you mean by ‘hard disk’?
f) What does the monitor look like?
g) What is a mouse in a computer? And what are its functions?
h) What is the difference between the hard disk and a floppy disk?
i) What is the function of a monitor?
j) What is the use of the floppy disk drive?
k) What were calculators like 40 years ago?
l) What’s the difference between old and new computers?
m) Why’s the CPU called the ‘brain’ of a computer?
2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false for the following statements:
a) ‘Hard-disk’ is contained in a keyboard.
b) 40 years ago school children carried calculators big enough to fill a large room.
c) A floppy disk can’t be carried because it is a fixed device.
d) A hard disk is in CPU.
e) CPU is a hand-held pointing device.
f) CPU looks like a screen.
g) Hardware is the main part of a computer.
h) Hardware is the physical part of the computer.
i) Information is displayed on the monitor.
j) Information is stored on a monitor.
k) The CPU looks like a television.
l) The hard disk can be easily inserted into a floppy disk drive.
m) The hard disk is portable.
n) The hard disk stores data permanently within the computer.
o) The keyboard and the typewriter are exactly the same thing.
p) The keyboard is used to give commands to the computer.
q) The keyboard looks like a typewriter.
r) The monitor looks like a TV screen.
s) The monitor or the screen or the VDU all are the same thing.
t) The mouse is moved around on a flat surface.
3. Find out the similar words from the above passage of the following words:
a) act of putting inside
b) advanced
c) collection/pool
d) containing
e) huge
f) indicating
g) indicator/arrow
h) information
i) instrument
j) mind
k) movable
l) narrow hole
m) only
n) order
o) pulling
p) real
q) show
r) take from one place to another
s) the board having keys
t) the screen of a computer
u) work
4. Find the words or phrases in the poem that are opposite to the following words:
a) a few/little
b) ancient
c) disable
d) fixing
e) hides
f) last
g) leg
h) small
i) taken
j) temporary
k) tiny
l) unable
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