LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Unit 1. Education and Humanity
Education First
Ways with words
A. Find the words from the text which mean the following.
a. a messenger or
representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission
envoy
b. the state or quality
of being worthy of honor or respect
dignity
c. harm done to someone
in response to harm
revenge
d. a person who holds
extreme views in political or religious matters
extremist
e. sympathetic pity and
concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others
compassion
f. a person who is
believed to speak for God
prophet
g. the study of the
nature of knowledge, reality and existence
philosophy
h. the use of physical
force so as to injure, abuse, damage or destroy
violence
i. an unreasonable
dislike of a particular group of people or things
prejudice
B. Match the words on the left with their opposite meanings on the
right.
honour disgrace
innocent guilty
brutality kindness
forgiveness punishment
illiteracy literacy
C. Using dictionary
Dictionary
contains at least three forms of information about a word: pronunciation, word
class and meaning.
Look
at the following dictionary entry of the words ‘humanity’ and ‘humanize’
(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9th edition):
humanity/hjuːˈmænəti/ noun1
[U] people in general: He was found guilty of crimes against humanity. 2 [U]
the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine: The
story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus. united by a sense of common
humanity3 [U] the quality of being kind to people and animals by making
sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being
humane: The judge was praised for his courage and humanity.
OPP
inhumanity
4(the) humanities [pl.] the subjects of study that are about the way
people think and behave, for example literature, language, history and
philosophy: The college offers a wide range of courses in the arts and
humanities.
humanize(BrE also -ise)
/ˈhjuːmənaɪz/ verb~sth to make sth more pleasant or suitable for people;
to make sth more HUMANE: These measures are intended to humanize the prison
system.
a. Study the dictionary entry above and answer these questions.
i. What is the headword in the first
entry?
Humanity
ii. How many meanings of the word
‘humanity’ are given?
Four
iii. What do the abbreviations U, OPP,
pl, and sth stand for?
U- uncountable
OPP- opposite
pl- plural
sth- something
iv. What is the British English spelling
of ‘humanize’?
humanise
v. How is the word ‘humanize’
pronounced?
/ˈhjuːmənaɪz /
vi. If we say Every person should
have the sense of humanity, which meaning of ‘humanity’ is applied?
The quality of being kind to people and animals by
making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary / the quality of
being humane.
b. Arrange the following words in alphabetical order.
i. advance analysis amuse assure allergy attain aid
anxiety acute agreement
acute, advance, agreement, aid, allergy, amuse,
analysis, anxiety, assure, attain
ii. smoke small smart speaking smelling
smoothly smuggler smashed smearing smallpox
small, smallpox, smart, smashed, speaking, smearing,
smelling, smoke, smoothly, smuggler
iii. terminal terminate terminology
termite terms terrace terrible terribly
terminal, terminate, terminology, terms, terrace,
terrible, territory, terror
Comprehension
Answer the following questions.
a. Why did the speaker receive thousands
of good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world?
The speaker received thousands of good-wishes cards
and gifts from all over the world to wish her a fast recovery and a new life.
b. According to the speaker, what are
hundreds of human rights activists and social workers struggling for?
According to the speaker, hundreds of human rights
activists and social workers are struggling for achieving their goals of
education, peace and equality.
c. What has she learnt from Gandhi?
She has learnt the philosophy of non-violence from
Gandhi.
d. In what sense is peace necessary for
education?
Peace is necessary for education because wars and
conflicts stop children to go to their schools.
e. According to the speaker, what are
the main problems faced by both men and women?
Poverty, ignorance, injustice, racism and the
deprivation of basic rights are the main problems faced by both men and women.
f. What is Malala calling upon all
governments?
Malala is calling upon all governments to ensure free
compulsory education for every child all over the world, and to fight against
terrorism and violence, to protect children from brutality and harm.
g. What is the main message of this
speech?
Education is the only solution, education first only
then it is possible to struggle against illiteracy, poverty and terrorism.
Critical thinking
a. All children have the right to
quality education. How can we ensure this right to every child? Discuss the
role of the government and the parents to make sure that every child can attend
school.
Children are the backbone of a nation's
future, and ensuring their right to education is crucial for the overall
development of a country. Quality education for every child is not only a
fundamental right but also a key to progress and prosperity. Most countries,
including ours, have enshrined the right to education in their constitutions,
reflecting its importance in nation-building.
In our country, the government has
recognized the significance of children's education and allocated a substantial
budget for it. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed.
One major obstacle is the high level of poverty in Nepal, which hinders access
to education for many children. Moreover, inadequate school infrastructure in
some areas further exacerbates the issue, making it difficult for children to
attend school regularly.
To uplift the condition of education, the
government must take proactive measures. It should focus on improving school
facilities and ensure that children have access to attractive classrooms,
textbooks, and well-qualified teachers. Scholarships and support programs can
also be introduced to encourage more children to attend school.
Creating a conducive learning environment
is essential to motivate children to pursue their education. Offering
nutritious meals to students can help improve attendance and overall academic
performance. Moreover, the government should design schemes specifically
tailored to children, addressing their unique needs and challenges.
However, the government's efforts alone
may not be sufficient. Parents play a crucial role in their children's
education. They should actively participate in their child's academic journey,
encouraging them to attend school regularly and supporting their studies at
home. Parental involvement can significantly boost a child's motivation and
enthusiasm for learning.
In conclusion, ensuring quality education
for all children is vital for the progress of our nation. The government should
take concrete steps to improve school infrastructure, provide scholarships, and
create an environment conducive to learning. Simultaneously, parents must
actively engage in their child's education, fostering a culture that values
learning and encourages every child to attend school. Together, these efforts
can empower the young generation with knowledge and skills, driving the nation
towards a brighter future.
b. Do you think that there is still
discrimination between sons and daughters in terms of providing education in
our country? What strategies do you suggest to overcome such discrimination
against girls?
In our country, Nepal, there still exists
a significant disparity between the education provided to sons and daughters,
perpetuating gender discrimination. The society is deeply rooted in patriarchal
norms, where males are considered superior and hold dominant positions in
families and communities. This inequality has led to girls receiving fewer
opportunities and priorities compared to boys. The concept of sex subordination
is pervasive, impacting girls' access to education and their overall
development.
One of the most significant issues is the
prevalence of early marriage for girls, particularly in rural areas. This
practice deprives them of their right to education and forces them into early
adulthood responsibilities. To address this, the government must enforce strict
laws against early marriage and raise awareness about its detrimental effects
on girls' education and well-being.
To combat gender discrimination and
promote girls' education, the government should prioritize and invest in girls'
education. Scholarships and incentives can be offered to encourage girls to
pursue education at all levels. This will empower them to break free from
traditional gender roles and become active contributors to society.
Changing societal attitudes is crucial in
creating a supportive environment for girls' education. Parents should be
encouraged to treat their daughters and sons equally and not show bias in
matters of education. Girls should be motivated and empowered to seek education
as passionately as boys, promoting a sense of equality and inclusivity.
Financial barriers can also hinder girls'
access to education. The government should provide financial support and scholarships
specifically aimed at attracting and retaining girls in schools. By addressing
financial constraints, more girls can pursue education without burdening their
families.
Furthermore, girls should not be confined
to household tasks but rather be allowed to explore their potential and talents
through education. Equal opportunities in education will enable them to thrive
academically and pursue their aspirations.
Lastly, the government must ensure that
girls have the right to quality education. Equal access to education with
proper facilities and resources will foster an environment where girls can
flourish academically and contribute meaningfully to society.
In conclusion, to overcome discrimination
against girls in education, a multi-faceted approach is required. This includes
strict measures against early marriage, prioritizing girls' education, changing
societal attitudes, providing financial support, promoting gender equality, and
ensuring quality education for all. Empowering girls with education will not
only benefit them individually but also lead to a more equitable and prosperous
society as a whole.
c. A Chinese philosopher Confucius said,
“If your plan is for one year, plant rice; if your plan is for ten years, plant
trees; if your plan is for one hundred years, educate children.” What is the
meaning of this saying? Elaborate this with examples.
The
saying "If your plan is for one year, plant rice; if your plan is for ten
years, plant trees; if your plan is for one hundred years, educate
children" conveys the significance of long-term thinking and investing in
the future through education. It emphasizes that while short-term goals are
essential for immediate sustenance, long-term planning and education are
crucial for securing a prosperous and sustainable future.
Planting
rice represents short-term planning, focusing on meeting immediate needs for
food and survival. In agricultural societies, rice is a staple crop that
provides sustenance for the present. Similarly, short-term plans in various
aspects of life, such as meeting financial needs or addressing immediate
challenges, are essential for immediate well-being.
Planting
trees signifies medium-term planning. Trees take time to grow and mature, but
once they do, they offer numerous benefits like shade, oxygen, and
environmental preservation. Planting trees requires looking ahead to the
future, beyond just the immediate needs. Similarly, medium-term planning
involves making decisions and investments that will yield benefits in the coming
years.
The
most significant aspect of the saying is the emphasis on educating children for
long-term planning. Educating children lays the foundation for a prosperous and
sustainable future for society. When children receive quality education, they
develop critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and knowledge that can be
applied throughout their lives. They become active contributors to society,
capable of driving positive change and progress in various fields.
Investing
in education ensures that the next generation is equipped to handle the
challenges and opportunities of the future. It leads to the growth of human
capital, which is essential for the development and progress of a nation.
Educated individuals contribute to the economy, drive innovation, and create a
positive impact on society.
For
example, countries that prioritize education have experienced significant
social and economic development. These nations have a skilled workforce that
attracts investments, fosters innovation, and drives technological
advancements. Educated citizens are also more likely to make informed
decisions, participate in democratic processes, and contribute positively to
community development.
Moreover,
education has a ripple effect on future generations. Educated parents are more
likely to prioritize their children's education, creating a cycle of
educational upliftment that benefits the entire society.
In
summary, the saying underscores the importance of balancing short-term needs
with long-term planning, with a particular focus on the value of investing in
education. While short-term plans like planting rice are necessary for
immediate sustenance, long-term planning, such as planting trees and educating
children, is essential for building a sustainable and prosperous future.
Education is a transformative force that empowers individuals, strengthens
communities, and paves the way for progress and development in the years to
come.
Writing
a.
Recall your school days. Write in three paragraphs of an event that you always
remember.
During my school
days, I remember participating in an inter school debate competition. The topic
for the debate was 'social media: a boon or bane', which is as follows:
Ladies and
gentlemen,
Today, I stand
before you to shed light on the incredible impact of social media as a boon to
our society. Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate, connect,
and share information, bringing unprecedented opportunities for individuals and
businesses alike.
Firstly, social
media has transformed communication, breaking down barriers of distance and
time. It has brought people from different corners of the world closer
together, fostering global friendships and promoting cross-cultural
understanding. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram enable us to
share our thoughts, experiences, and emotions in real-time, creating a sense of
community and belonging. Social media has become a powerful tool for activism,
raising awareness about social issues, and mobilizing collective action for
positive change.
Secondly, social
media has revolutionized business and entrepreneurship. It offers an efficient
and cost-effective way for businesses to reach their target audience, build
brand awareness, and engage with customers. Small businesses can now compete on
a global scale, reaching customers beyond their physical locations. Social
media influencers and content creators have emerged as a new breed of
entrepreneurs, using their creativity and influence to build thriving careers.
The digital landscape has opened up a world of opportunities, encouraging
innovation and economic growth.
Lastly, social
media has democratized information and education. Access to knowledge is no
longer restricted to traditional institutions; anyone with an internet
connection can access a vast repository of information. Social media platforms
have become hubs for sharing educational content, tutorials, and skill-building
resources. They have also become forums for intellectual discussions, enabling
the exchange of ideas and expertise across diverse fields.
In conclusion,
social media has emerged as a powerful boon, shaping the way we communicate,
conduct business, and learn. It has bridged the gaps between individuals and
cultures, driving positive change and fostering a more connected and informed
society. As we embrace the opportunities that social media offers, let us also
be responsible digital citizens, using this boon to uplift and inspire others,
and creating a world that thrives on compassion, knowledge, and progress. Thank
you.
b.
"Education empowers a person". Elaborate this statement giving
examples of your personal experience.
Education
Empowers a Person
Education helps individuals develop important life skills such
as critical thinking, time management, and effective communication. These
skills are essential for navigating the complexities of modern-day life, both
personally and professionally. Education instills a sense of discipline and
responsibility, enabling individuals to handle challenges and setbacks with
resilience.
Another significant aspect of education is its role in fostering
social cohesion and harmony. When individuals from diverse backgrounds come
together in educational institutions, they have the opportunity to learn about
different cultures, beliefs, and perspectives. This fosters mutual
understanding, empathy, and respect among people, promoting a more inclusive
and tolerant society.
Education also plays a vital role in promoting economic growth
and development. A well-educated workforce is more productive, innovative, and
adaptable, leading to increased economic prosperity. Countries with higher
levels of education tend to experience higher rates of economic growth and
development.
Furthermore, education encourages personal growth and lifelong
learning. It promotes intellectual curiosity and encourages individuals to keep
exploring new areas of knowledge throughout their lives. This continuous
learning process not only enriches their lives but also helps them adapt to
changing circumstances and stay relevant in an ever-evolving world.
In conclusion, education is a powerful tool that can empower
individuals and transform societies. By providing knowledge, skills, and
values, education equips individuals with the tools they need to succeed in
their chosen paths, make informed decisions, overcome societal barriers,
develop essential life skills, and continue growing and learning throughout
their lives.
As a fundamental human right, education should be accessible to
all, regardless of their socioeconomic background or geographical location.
Governments and policymakers must prioritize education and invest in building
strong educational systems to ensure that every individual has the opportunity
to benefit from the power of education. Additionally, individuals must
recognize the value of education and actively pursue learning opportunities to
unleash their full potential and contribute positively to society. Education
truly holds the key to personal fulfillment, social progress, and the
advancement of humanity as a whole.
Best of Luck
Extra Question
Read the POEM
and answer the questions. [15]
Where the rainbow ends
Where the rainbow ends
There’s going to be a place, brother,
Where the world can sing all sorts of songs
And we are going to sing together, brother,
You and I, though you’re white and I’m not.
It’s going to be a sad song, brother,
Because we don’t know the tune,
And it’s a difficult tune to learn,
But we can learn, brother, you and I,
There’s no such a tune as a black tune.
There’s no such tune as a white tune.
There’s only music, brother,
And it’s music we’re going to sing
Where the rainbow ends.
Richard
Rime
1. Answer the following questions:
a) Can
people of different races live together peacefully?
b) How
can people of different races live together?
c) We
like the rainbow but the wishes for the end of rainbow. Why?
d) What
do the ‘songs’ indicate in the above poem?
e) What
do you think the poem could be about?
f)
What do you understand by
‘tune’?
g) What
does the word ‘rainbow’ refer to?
h) What
is the poem about?
i)
What is the poet trying to say?
j)
What is the theme of the
poem?
k) Where
can the world sing all sorts of songs?
l)
Where does the rainbow end?
m) Which
tune is difficult to learn?
n) Who
has composed this poem?
o) Whom
does the word ‘brother’ refer to?
p) Why
is it difficult to sing together?
q) Why
is it going to be a sad song?
r)
Why is the tune difficult to
learn?
2. Find out the similar words from the
above poem of the following words or phrases.
a) finish
b) hard
c) kinds/types
d) melody
e) recognize
f) simply/just
g) sorrowful song
h) tune
3. Find the words or phrases in the poem
that are opposite to the following words:
a) begins
b) black
c) black tune
d) cheerful
e) dance
f) easy
g) happy
h) happy song
i) joyful
j) noise
k) scatter
l) separately
m) start
n) teach
o) white
D. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false for the following statements:
a) Both
black and white people can sing together.
b) He
wants people to stop war.
c) It
is not difficult to learn this music.
d) Music
has no black and white tunes.
e) Rainbow
signifies different races.
f)
The main theme of this poem
is racial harmony.
g) The
poem ends with an optimistic note.
h) The
poem is a request against the racial discrimination.
i)
The poem is about racial
harmony.
j)
The poem is an appeal for
brotherhood and friendship.
k) The
poet belongs to the black community.
l)
The poet doesn’t like white
people.
m) The
poet hates white people.
n) The
poet hopes that there will be a place where all people will sing together.
o) The
poet is against apartheid (integration).
p) The
poet is not white/Negro.
q) The
poet is singing a sad song.
r)
The poet thinks all human
beings are equal.
s)
The poet wants all people to
live together.
t)
The poet wants people of
different races to live together in peace.
u) The
poet wants to reconcile the society as a homogeneous and all inclusive society.
v) The
poet wishes for better racial harmony.
w) The
world is divided into black and white.
x) There
is hatred between people.
y) There
is no difference between black tune and white tune.
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