Unit 2. Communication
Freewriting
Grammar
Position of adverbs
Adverbs
should come as near as possible to the verbs they qualify. This is because the
meaning of a sentence can change with the change in the position of the adverb.
Rule
1
When
the verb is intransitive (verbs that do not have objects), place the
adverb immediately after it. He walked slowly.
She
smiled beautifully.
Rule
2
When
the verb is transitive with an object following, place the adverb
immediately after the object. She endured the pain bravely.
He
offered his help willingly.
Rule
3
Adverbs
of Time and Frequency normally come before the verb. Examples are: always,
before, often, never, seldom etc.
They
seldom visit us.
She
never admitted her fault.
Rule
4
Note
that when the verb consists of an auxiliary, the adverb goes after it.
They
have never invited us to their parties.
He
was greatly praised for his novel idea.
Rule
5
An
adverb which modifies an adjective or another adverb comes before it.
She
is very beautiful. (Here the adverb very modifies the adjective
beautiful.)
The
girl sang so sweetly. (Here the adverb so modifies the adverb sweetly.)
Rule
6
The
words only, merely, even, not and never are usually placed before the
words they modify.
I
merely wanted to know his name.
She
was not clever enough to see through his scheme.
He
never keeps his word.
Adverbs of time :
never, just, always, recently, yet, soon, sometimes, usually, so far
Adverbs of manner : neatly, slowly,
quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, loudly, kindly, lazily
Adverbs of degree : almost, quite,
nearly, too, enough, just, hardly, simply, so
Adverbs of place : here, there,
nowhere, everywhere, out, in, above, below, inside, outside,
Adverbs of frequency : never, always, rarely,
sometimes, normally, seldom, usually, again
A.
Study these sentences.
a.
Perhaps she is not coming to the party.
b.
I sometimes visit him in the supermarket.
c.
He drove the car carefully.
Here
the words in bold are adverbs. Adverbs can be placed at the front, in
the middle or at the end position of a clause or sentence.
B.
Rewrite the following sentences with the adverbs in the appropriate place.
a.
I watch television. (often)
I
often watch television.
b.
Have you been to Janakpur? (ever)
Have
you ever been to Janakpur?
c.
They play football on Saturdays. (sometimes)
They
sometimes play football on Saturdays.
d.
The weather is bad in November. (always)
The
weather is always bad in November.
e.
We have fish for dinner. (seldom)
We
seldom have fish for dinner.
f.
Pritam doesn't get up before seven. (usually)
Pritam
doesn't usually get up before seven.
g.
I was very tired and I was hungry. (also)
I
was very tired and I was also hungry.
h.
Did you enjoy the flight? (both)
Did
you both enjoy the flight?
C.
Rewrite the following sentences placing the underlined words in the right
position.
a.
I never have understood her.
I
have never understood her.
b.
We are often invited to the parties.
We
are often invited to the parties.
c.
We all were tired, so we all fell asleep.
We
were all tired, so we fell all asleep.
d.
Rajan drives always to work.
Rajan always drives
to work.
e.
Pradip hardly ever watches television, but he reads newspapers a
lot.
Pradip hardly
ever watches television, but he reads newspapers a lot.
f.
We enjoyed very much the party.
We
enjoyed the party very much.
g.
My brother speaks fluently English.
My
brother speaks English fluently.
Extra Questions
Rewrite
the following sentences placing the underlined words in the right position.
1.
I have understood her. (never)
2.
My girlfriend forgot my birthday. (completely)
3.
He got dressed. (quickly)
4.
He got dressed. (in a hurry)
5.
She realized her mistake. (at once)
6.
We are invited to parties at the weekends. (often)
7.
A writer can express his exact feelings in words. (rarely)
8.
Albatrosses are seen close to shore. (seldom)
9.
Are they surprised at the results? (frequently)
10.
Birds return to the place where they were born to build their nests. (often)
11.
Could you switch the light? (off)
12.
Did they find the missing information? (ever)
13.
Do you visit Boston? (often)
14.
Do you wonder what will happen next? (sometimes)
15.
He did not arrive on time. (ever)
16.
He finished. (late, often)
17.
He is wrong. (however, seldom)
18.
I am at home in the mornings. (generally)
19.
I am entirely satisfied with my situation. (seldom)
20.
I had wanted to see the ocean. (always)
21.
I have finished painting the house. (almost)
22.
I have seen a more beautiful ballet than that one. (never)
23.
I have worked as hard as I could. (never before)
24.
I want to analyze the book. (carefully, sometime)
25.
It will rain this evening. (probably)
26.
Maple wood is used to make violins. (sometimes)
27.
One can find a more striking example of erosion than the Grand Canyon.
(nowhere)
28.
One comprehends a complex situation immediately. (rarely)
29.
She answers. (correctly, rarely)
30.
She has done everything – she has been a soldier. (even)
31.
She is very friendly. (usually)
32.
She wins first prize. (always, furthermore)
33.
The birds twittered. (this morning, outside the window, loudly)
34.
The boys and girls waited. (for the parade to pass by, impatiently)
35.
The children do not follow our instructions. (always)
36.
The children whispered. (on Christmas Eve, excitedly, in front of the tree)
37.
The choir sang. (last week, beautifully, at the competition)
38.
The facts are not known. (generally)
39.
The moon shone. (over the water, long after the sun had set, brilliantly)
40.
They do. (frequently)
41.
They follow the news. (rarely)
42.
They guessed what was about to happen. (little)
43.
They have the opportunity to travel. (seldom)
44.
They left. (quietly, this morning)
45.
They will be. (next month, on business, in France)
46.
They worked. (quickly, today)
47.
We arrive. (early, sometimes)
48.
We ate. (at the restaurant, well, yesterday evening)
49.
We do not stay out after dark. (usually)
50.
We found the hotel. (easily, nevertheless)
51.
We go to our native place in summer. (usually)
52.
We had entered the room when the telephone rang. (scarcely)
53.
We hung the picture. (on the wall, carefully)
54.
We perceive everything that is around us. (hardly ever)
55.
We pick the flowers. (carefully, usually)
56.
We reached the station. (quickly, consequently)
57.
We realized that a dangerous stretch of road lay ahead of us. (little)
58.
We slept. (all afternoon, on the grass, soundly)
59.
We watched the skaters. (this morning)
60.
We were given free transportation to the school. (frequently)
61.
We will attend the concert. (therefore, tonight)
62.
We would have gone to the beach. (otherwise, yesterday)
63.
We would. (never)
64.
You speak. (loudly, never)
65.
Your sewing machine needs some oil. (just)
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