Unit 10. Home
Life and Family Relationship
The Tattered Blanket
Grammar
Connectives
(but, however, although/even though, in spite of/despite)
|
Connectives
|
Meaning
& Uses |
Examples
|
|
however |
but; Traditionally
used in the middle part only; Combine
two contradictory clauses S
+ V + O. However, S + V + O. |
I love going to the beach. However, I hate the sand. |
|
although/even though |
In
spite of the fact that; Combine
two contradictory clauses Although
S + V + O, S + V + O. |
I am very fluent in English, although French is my mother
tongue. |
|
in spite of/despite |
even
though; Combine
two contradictory clauses In
spite of the fact that S + V + O, S +
V + O. In
spite of + O, S + V + O. |
Sony ate all of the cookies in spite of her mom’s
warnings. |
|
but
|
connect
ideas that contrast; S
+ V + O but S + V + O. |
He is very poor, but he wears expensive clothes. |
A. Look at these
examples to see how subordinating conjunctions are used.
vYour mother
always remembers you but you don't do so.
vI was very weak
at Mathematics. However, I could top the class.
vAlthough/Even
though
it rained all day, we enjoyed the picnic very much.
vDespite/In spite
of
the fact that it rained all day, we enjoyed the picnic very much.
vDespite/In spite
of the fact that
I was late, my teacher let me enter the class.
vDespite/In spite
of
being late, my teacher let me enter the class.
vIn spite of her old age,
she is still very active.
B. Complete the
following sentences with however, although or in spite of.
a. …… the fact
that he is an octogenarian; he still leads an active life.
In
spite of the fact that he
is an octogenarian; he still leads an active life.
b.
I still enjoyed the week …… the weather was bad.
I still enjoyed the week although the
weather was bad.
c. He has passed
MA. ……, he hasn’t got a job.
He has passed MA. However,
he hasn’t got a job.
d. …… I had a
headache, I enjoyed the movie.
Although I had a headache, I enjoyed the movie.
e. Ramila didn’t
get the job …… the fact that she had all the necessary qualifications.
Ramila didn’t get the job, in
spite of the fact that she had all the necessary
qualifications.
f. …… the fact
that he had no money, he bought the car anyway.
In spite of the fact that he had no money, he bought
the car anyway.
g. We can go to
the park for lunch. …… , the weather report says it's going to rain.
We can go to the park for lunch although the
weather report says it's going to rain.
h. …… I speak
English well, my first language is actually Maithili.
However I speak English well, my first language
is actually Maithili.
C. Combine the
following sentences using the words given in brackets.
a. He was
annoyed. He didn’t say anything. (although)
Although he was annoyed, he didn’t say anything.
b. Playing the
stock market is exciting. It can be risky. (however)
Playing the stock market is exciting. However, it
can be risky.
c. He works slowly.
He never makes a mistake. (even though)
Even though he works slowly, he never makes a
mistake.
d. It was
raining. We still went to the park. (in spite of)
In spite of rain, we still went to the park.
e. Hark bought
the watch. It was expensive. (despite)
Despite being expensive, Hark bought the watch.
f. He is very
poor. He wears expensive clothes. (but)
He is very poor but wears
expensive clothes.
D. Rewrite the
following sentences using (a) although and (b) in spite of.
a. He had very
little time, but he offered to help us.
i. Although he
had very little time, he offered to help us.
ii. In
spite of having very little time, he offered to help us.
b. She is very
poor, but she still wears expensive clothes.
i. Although she
is very poor, she still wears expensive clothes.
ii. In
spite of being very poor, she still wears expensive clothes.
c. He's a
millionaire, but he lives in a very small flat.
i. Although he's
a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat.
ii. In
spite of being a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat.
d. They have a
lot of money, but they are still not happy.
i. Although they
have a lot of money, they are still not happy.
ii. In
spite of having a lot of money, they are still not happy.
e. The traffic
was heavy, but we got there in time.
i. Although the
traffic was heavy, we got there in time.
ii. In
spite of the heavy traffic, we got there in time.
Extra Questions
Combine the following sentences using the
words given in brackets or fill in the blanks with appropriate connectives.
1)
……….……I
felt unhappy, but I came to like it.
2)
……….……I
needed it, there was always someone willing to help.
3)
……….……she
saw it, she had assumed it was an explosion.
4)
……….……this,
I always felt I would succeed.
5)
……….……what
I said yesterday, I still love you. (although / in spite of / because /because
of)
6)
……….his
poverty, he helps the poor. (However, In spite of, Although)
7)
…………we
arrived, he had already gone. (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but
or that)
8)
………all
our careful planning, a lot of things went wrong. (although / in spite of /
because /because of)
9)
………his
negligence, he passed the exam. (In spite of, Because of, Because)
10) ………it rained a lot we enjoyed our holidays. (although
/ in spite of / because /because of)
11) ………we had planned everything carefully, many
things went wrong. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
12) By next year, I'll have finished school
and………you. (so, neither)
13) Dad saved money ………buy his children
Christmas presents. (in case - in order to - so that)
14) Did you understand …………he told you that
story? (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
15) Gautam Buddha was born in Lumbini …………is a
holy place. (which, where, who)
16) He always thinks …………he is so clever. (what,
when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
17) He brought a camera with him ……….taking
photographs of the events. (to , for, because)
18) He could not go anywhere ………his wife
following him. (without, so that, because)
19) He didn't believe …………I
said, …………annoyed me very much. (what, which)
20) He didn't know the language, …………made it
very difficult for him to get around. (what, which)
21) He didn't pay any attention to his demands
and …………we. (so, neither)
22) He has not returned the call……………I have
telephoned him twice. (so that, although, because)
23) He is the boy …………….I like. (who, whom,
whose)
24) He passed the exam …………he hadn't studied
very much. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
25) He tried to hide the broken
glass …………Mom wouldn't punish him. (in case - in order to - so that)
26) He wasn't surprised at …………he saw
because I told him …………to expect. (what, which)
27) He will get the job ……….……he passes his
exam first. (although, so that, provided)
28) He would not believe me, ……….……worried
me very much. (although, so that, which)
29) His wife has recently passed away ………..he is
under a deep stress. (despite, however, therefore)
30) Hurry up, ……… you're going to miss your
plane ! (although, otherwise, because)
31) I ate a lot …………my stomach ache.
(although / in spite of / because /because of)
32) I ate nothing …………... I was hungry. (because,
in spite of , however)
33) I closed the door in my room …………be able
to work properly. (in case - in order to - so that)
34) I couldn't get to sleep …………the noise. (although
/ in spite of / because /because of)
35) I did …………I could, …………wasn't a
lot. (what, which)
36) I didn't feel lonely ……….……I had a lot of
friends who could help me.
37) I didn't get the job …………I had all the
necessary qualifications. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
38) I don’t like the stories ……….……….have unhappy
endings. (who, which, where)
39) I have never accepted a bribe form anyone
and …………my partner. (so, neither)
40) I have never been abroad and …………my
sister. (so, neither)
41) I helped him ……….……my problems. (however,
therefore, despite)
42) I like Sally, …………I don't like Bob. (what,
when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
43) I managed to get some sleep ……….……there
was a lot of noise. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
44) I met the writer ……….……latest book you
are reading. (whose, so that, because)
45) I was not really interested in …………he
was talking about. (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
46) I was very happy ……….……all my old friends
were living there.
47) I went home early ……….……I was not
feeling well. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
48) I went to work the next day ……….……I was
feeling unwell. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
49) I will send you back your money ……….……I
find a job. (although, as soon as, because)
50) I wonder ……….……they'll come or not.
(although, so that, whether)
……….……I have lived here for years, I don't know the neighbourhood yet. (though,
so that, because)
51) I'll give you a map……….……you'll be able to
find yourself around. (in case - in order to - so that)
52) I'm not a very energetic person and……….……my
brother. (so, neither)
53) I'm sure that……….……you say is true. (what,
which)
54) In detective stories the murderer is always
caught, ……….……doesn't happen in real life. (what, which)
55) In hospitals they wake patients at 5
o'clock, ……….……is much too early. (what, which)
56) In our house lives a man …………is a
detective. (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
57) In the morning I always have coffee …………toast.
(what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
58) Is this the hotel …………we stayed last
year? (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
59) It was great ……….……it made me feel at home.
60) Living there has many advantages, ……….……there
are problems.
61) My sister gave up smoking ……….……save
some money. (in case - in order to - so that)
62) Nayan arrived half an hour late ……………she
attempted all the questions. (although, in spite of, however)
63) She accepted the job……….……the salary, which
was rather low. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
64) She had come there in order to dance, and
dance she did, ……….……her ugly stepsisters had to sit and watch her
enviously since nobody asked them to dance. (although, whereas, because)
You can go out tonight ……….……you don't come back too late. (as long as, so
that, because)
65) She has never gone been in London and……….……her
sister. (so, neither)
66) She is happy …………her cake tastes good. (what,
when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
67) She likes her …………she is always
friendly. (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
68) She only accepted the job……….……the salary,
which was very high. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
69) She studies day and night …………she can pass
the exam in the first division. (although, so that, because)
70) She took a taxi ……….……she might arrive
on time. (although, so that, because)
71) She was with us; ………., I did not talk to her.
(therefore, although, however)
72) Sima could not attend her school ………….her
illness. (because, because of, therefore)
73) Students go to school ………….………read and write.
(so that, to , for)
74) Tell me …………you can come. (what, when,
why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
75)
That's the longest test …………we have ever written. (what, when, why,
because, who, where, and, but or that)
76) That's the painting …………my father bought
last year. (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
77) The clock struck 13, ……….……made everyone
laugh. (what, which)
78) The film is long and boring ……….……the
book is thrilling and well-written. (whereas, so that, because)
79) The key is in the drawer ……….……you need
it. (in case - in order to - so that)
80) The pizza was burnt and ……….……the garlic
bread. (so, neither)
81) The teachers let the students use pocket
calculators ……….……they can finish in time. (in case - in order to - so
that)
82) The young girl stayed out until one, ……….……her
godmother had been very clear as to the consequences of her actions. (although,
so that, because)
83) There was no directory in the phone
booth, ……….……meant that I had to go somewhere else. (what, which)
84) They spend ages trying to prove themselves ……….……getting
accepted.
85) They were very friendly ……….……I felt at home.
86) This is my mobile number ……….……you have
to call me. (in case - in order to - so that)
87) This is the book ………………...I wanted. (when,
whom, that)
88) This is the boy …………... I like. (where, whom,
which)
89) This is the house ……….…I was born. (which,
who, where)
90) This is the house …………I've lived for 9
years. (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
91) We didn't go out ……….……it was raining.
(although / in spite of / because /because of)
92) We enjoy playing volleyball and ……….……Margie.
(so, neither)
93) We had dinner, watched TV …………then we
went to bed. (what, when, why, because, who, where, and, but or that)
94) We had to stay at the airport ……….……the
controllers strike. (although / in spite of / because /because of)
95) We put up a high fence ……….……stop the
neighbour's cat from coming into our yard. (in case - in order to - so that)
96) We stopped doing homework ………....the light
went out. (to , although, because)
97) We travelled second class, ……….……is much
cheaper than first class. (what, which)
98) We'll give you a few more days just ……….……you
change your mind. (in case - in order to - so that)
99) When we arrived, Brian hadn't finished his
dinner yet and ……….……his parents. (so, neither)
100) You cannot go to America ……….……you know
a little English. (unless, so that, because)
101) You must tell him the truth ………he
reproaches you for doing so later. (even if, so that, because)
102) You will be punished for …………….you have done.
(what, when, while)
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